Stress Management - 2159 Words

Stress is a term used by many, is somewhat misunderstood, and often used to describe a negative condition or emotional state. People experience various forms of stress at home, work, in social settings, and when engaged in activities to simply have fun. Police officer#8217;s experience stresses the same as others, but also in ways much different than the average citizen. The dangers, violence, and tragedy seen by officers result in added levels of stress not experienced by the general population. What is stress? Stress is not a new phenomenon, it has been experienced throughout history. Stress is a biological response to some stimulus. Fear, panic, anger, tragedy and especially pressure can cause it. Stress can result in the†¦show more content†¦Stress is linked to the six leading causes of death, heart disease, cancer, lung problems, accidents, cirrhosis of the liver, and suicide. Stress is a combination of physical, mental, and emotional feelings that result from pressure, worry, and anxiety. These pressures are called stressors. Some examples of common stressors are, divorce, death in the family, job change, pregnancy, marriage, and retirement. In medicine stress is a physical, chemical, or emotional development that causes strains that lead to physical illness. The early warning signs of stress include apathy, anxiety, irritability, mental fatigue, and over compensation or denial. Some signs of apathy are feelings of sadness or recreation that isn#8217;t fun anymore. Feelings of restlessness, agitation, insecurity and a sense of worthlessness are examples of anxiety. Signs of irritability are feeling hypersensitive, defensive, and arrogant. Feeling argumentative, rebellious, or angry are also signs of irritability. Examples of mental fatigue are denying that there are problems, ignoring symptoms, and feeling suspicious. Some behavioural signs of stress are avoiding things, doing things to extremes, administrative problems, and leg al problems. Avoiding things includes keeping to one#8217;s self, avoiding work, having trouble acceptingShow MoreRelatedStress And The Stress Management1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe definition of Stress, its history and how to manage Stress is a daily conversation word as the world is becoming more challenging and difficult to live. It is very important to understand, and know how to manage it on a daily basis especially on our workplace. This essay will be broken into four parts firstly it is going to discuss about the contrast and similarity in the definition of stress between Engineering and Selye’s approach. Then it is going to critically evaluate the General AdaptationRead MoreHow Stress And Stress Management1319 Words   |  6 Pagesin which we have studied during the weeks of nine through eleven. I have selected to explore Stress and Stress Management more in depth. In this assignment I will explain what made me want to know more about it. I plan on telling you what you should know about Stress and Stress Management. Lastly, I will discuss how Stress and Stress Management relate to success in my personal and professional life. Stress can be defined as the nonspecific response of the body to any dem and made on it (Lamberton Read MoreStress Management3984 Words   |  16 Pagesthat the incidence of work-related stress increased dramatically in Australian organisations during the 1990s and early 2000s? Should employers be made responsible for dealing with the negative effects of work- related stress on their employees? If so how could they do this? Prepared for: Nick Foster Udam Wickremaratne 10571359 Occupational stress is a major news item, which has captured numerous headlines across the industrialized world and rightly so. Stress is reported to cost employers US$120Read MoreEssay on Stress and Stress Management1494 Words   |  6 Pages Stress and stress management: What is stress and how to manage it ? Stress is defined as a force that tends to strain or deform (b) mental emotional or physical tension, strain or distress-(v) to put emphasis on (c ) to subject to strain or pressure. Stress is a unwanted feeling of emotions and physiological arousal that some experience in certain situations. Stress can mean different things to various people. People have said; â€Å"That stress can causeRead MoreA Short Note On Stress Management And Stress Essay998 Words   |  4 PagesStania Tavil Dr. Diane D. Ashe Psychology 2012 October 15, 2016 Stress Management In everyday life, people have to deal with some good moments and some difficulties. They can be helpful and also destructive. Life Comes down to several characteristic as:/ joy, love, sadness, crying etc. There are many phenomena that appear and seem good and a little weird too sometimes. They can be: physical, moral, social, economic, psychological, natural disaster, or failing to achieve. Everyone wants to be happyRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress And Nutrition On Stress Management1852 Words   |  8 Pages Over the recent decades the emerging importance that nutrition has on stress management in college students along with others has become a controversial topic all across different Universities and Public Institutions. Hence, for years, society has suspected that stress and nutrition are linked and now after so many years, scientific research has found evidence to support this connection. In an article by Fysekidis Kouacou (2015), research suggest to help explain this link and, as more individualsRead MoreStress Management Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesStress Stress is normal. It happens to everyone, and affects everyone differently. It is a feeling of being overwhelmed for handling things you aren’t used to. Stress is also known as a response or something that changes in the body caused by emotions, social, physical, or economical issues which can cause tension mentally and physically. It can be caused by external or internal situations. What’s known as the â€Å"fight or flight† response, is initiated when an individual becomes stressed. It is theRead More The Management of Stress Essay1447 Words   |  6 Pagesnot the answer I’m looking for. The correct answer is stress. Everyone has stress in his or her life at one point or another. It’s one of many inevitable parts of life. Whether it’s busting out a research paper for Psychology at the last minute, expecting your first child to be born, to making sure you’re up in time to catch the Saturday morning cartoons, it’s clearly evid ent that everyone goes through stress. The real question is, how is stress handled in our society? A person is defined by how theyRead MoreEssay on Stress Management649 Words   |  3 PagesStress Management Responses to stressors present different impacts on each individual. Stressors have a physical and psychological effect on people although some people seem to be much less effected by stress being able to withstand high levels of stress almost as if there daily lives depend on it. Even though it is accepted stress is with us from are waking moment to the minute we sleep, almost all individuals through time suffer physical or psychological illness. IndividualRead MoreStress Management Plan1516 Words   |  7 PagesStress Management Plan When I was gathering resources for my first stress portfolio, one picture left a deep impression. It says: â€Å"there are only two times I feel stress: day and night.† Yes, stress exists along with our whole life; it may seem that there is nothing that we can do about stress. The homework and exams will keep coming, there is endless study and work in the day, and our career and family responsibilities will always be demanding. However, the good news is that stress can be managed

Music and Its Relationship to Overall Intellect - 1913 Words

Running head: MUSIC AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO OVERALL INTELLECT !1 ! ! ! ! ! Music And its Relationship To Overall Intellect Kymberlie Joy Hurd College of Southern Nevada ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Author Note This research paper was done for Psychology 240, Section 4001, taught by Professor Mason MUSIC AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO OVERALL INTELLECT Abstract A review of previous studies was conducted to test and measure the correlation of music and its influence on various levels of intellect. Subjects range in age from 9 to 67 and education from elementary school to undergraduate and beyond. Analysis included studies of subjects who listened to music and subjects that have varying levels of musical training. While some studies found†¦show more content†¦The dependent variable was reading comprehension, as measured by the Gates-MacGinitie Reading Tests, fourth edition (GMRT-4; 2000). Students also completed a questionnaire regarding their study habits, music rating of the songs chosen for the experiment and if they preferred to study with or without music. Results indicated that the students scored better on performance and comprehension without music playing in the background. Those students that indicated they preferred to study with music and rated they liked the music selection in the experiment, had a significant decrease in comprehension. This study indicates that a student’s music preference may be distracting if played while studying (Anderson Fuller, 2010). The final two studies tested subjects with various levels of musical training to asses a possible relationship between intelligence and music (Giovagnoli Raglio, 2011; Schellenberg, MUSIC AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO OVERALL INTELLECT 2011). While one study used older subjects (22-67) with higher musical education (9-50 years) !5 (Giovagnoli, Raglio, 2011) and the other younger subjects (9-12) with a minimal 2 years musical training, (Schellenberg, 2011) both concluded no significant relationship between intelligence and subjects with musical training. ItShow MoreRelatedHow Do Emusic And Realnetworks Try And Target Their Customers?1356 Words   |  6 Pagesthan just selling music, it’s what and how they use technology to get their customer s attention to meet their needs. Their relationship with their customers is based on a customer-focused marketing strategy. By trying and targeting their customers, eMusic use digital music service for independent-minded music collectors to satisfy online customer experiences. The thing that eMusic use to drives genuine value for their customer’s music is focusing on the independent-minded music lovers and collectorsRead MoreMusic Therapy And Its Effect On The Levels Of Anxiety And Stress1327 Words   |  6 PagesMusic therapy is the prescribed use of music credited by a profession to effect positive changes of an individual’s cognitive, psychological, physical, and or health problems.1 Music therapy involves interactions between the therapist, client, and music. There are many different forms of Music therapy, such as, group music therapy, music assisted relaxation, and receptive music therapy. Through musical elements such as rhythm, melody, and harmony the therapist and client can develop a relationshipRead MoreCan Music Therapy Improve Stress Anxiety1461 Words   |  6 PagesCan Music Therapy Improve Stress Anxiety In Patients? Music therapy is the prescribed use of music credited by a profession to effect positive changes of an individual’s cognitive, psychological, physical, and or health problems.1 Music therapy involves interactions between the therapist, client, and music.1 There are many different forms of music therapy, such as, group music therapy, music assisted relaxation, and receptive music therapy.2,3,4 Through musical elements such as rhythm, melody, andRead MoreBenefits of Art Education1235 Words   |  5 Pagescreative skills. * Has a tremendous impact on the developmental growth of every child and has proven to help level the learning field across socio-economic boundaries. * Strengthens problem-solving and critical-thinking skills, adding to overall academic achievement and school success. * Develops a sense of craftsmanship, quality task performance, and goal-setting—skills needed to succeed in the classroom and beyond. * Teaches children life skills such as developing an informed perception;Read MoreA Brief Analysis of John Stuart Mills Utilitarianism Essay1093 Words   |  5 Pagesto primitive forms of pleasure, but places weight on â€Å"[. . .] pleasures of the intellect, of the feelings and imagination [. . .].† In this way, actions should not only seek the greatest quantity of pleasure, but also the greatest quality. A potential problem with this is the equivocation of several different types of pleasure. How does one, for example, compare the admiration of a painting to the admiration of music? Mill goes on to state that utilitarianism is not concerned as much with the pleasureRead MoreTravel Back To New York City During The 1920S, A Melting1182 Words   |  5 Pagesaffects our culture to this day! Television programs are either denotated black or white. Fashion trends and styles are segregated and many believe that racism was a thing of the past but racism has evolved into a deep er segregation (Morris 13). The relationships haven’t gotten better it’s tolerated! If a modern-day Renaissance occurred, race relations would build and hopefully bring an end to racism. A new culture would arise, that brings multiracial ideas with new technology. Society would put theirRead MoreProcrastination And Its Effects On Understanding Procrastination1525 Words   |  7 Pageswhether different patterns in procrastination could be observed. These six domains included academic obligations (such as coming to school on time and studying for tests), work obligations (such as work attendance and taking on new work tasks), relationship obligations (including meeting with individuals, face to face communication, and online interaction), health obligations (like exercising and applying for health insurance), home obligations (including paying the bills and completing chores) andRead MoreMen Let Me By Rebecca Solnit Essay1603 Words   |  7 Pagesthe women s appearanc e, location, drinking or being unaccompanied. The masculinity in the patriarchal relationships has caused a variety of problems in the past and in the present day. The author addresses that several men and especially feminist women, have opened up to same sex relationships because of the unequal treatment in opposite sex relationships. In several opposite sex relationships, we see more separation occurring and crime rates increasing. Children are being raised by other familyRead MoreThe Functions of Griots - Sundiata Essay1127 Words   |  5 Pageskings is also important information for the griots to have so they can tell kings of their ancestors battles, to make sure the king knows what he is capable of and to give him inspiration for the battle ahead. Second, griots have a passion for music, and this is also one of their most important contributions to their king and culture. The griot uses song for many purposes, and is very skilled at creating emotion with their songs. A song can be to praise, to celebrate, to raise spirits of warriorsRead MoreThe Device of a Masked Dance in Act Two Scene One of William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing1394 Words   |  6 Pagesenable the plot to enhance and gain an eager interest from the audience. During the scene there is dancing, laughing, joking, music, fancy dress, colourful masks and general light-heartedness. This has an amusing, entertaining and stimulating effect on the whole audience, as there is a lot to see and do throughout the scene. All the colour, music and dancing means huge entertainment value for the whole audience, as it not only amasses all the characters, but reveals

For Capital Punishment Essay Research Paper Capital free essay sample

For Capital Punishment Essay, Research Paper Capital Punishment Have you of all time been seated around a dinner tabular array with close friends and somehow the conversation turned into a het treatment about a sensitive subject? I have, and allow me state you, it wasn? t reasonably. Not everyone wants to hear other people? s sentiments, particularly when they clash with their beliefs. We were discoursing capital penalty. Some thought life imprisonment was sufficient penalty for slaying in the first grade, wilfully taking the life of another. Others, like myself, favor the decease punishment. Laws against slaying will non be taken earnestly until the punishment is every bit serious as the offense. Capital penalty is merely requital for perpetrating offenses, so flagitious, that the merely acceptable penalty is executing. In a recent article in the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, support for the decease punishment has risen to 78 % ( Shepard 3A ) . Most protagonists of the decease punishment feel that wrongdoers should be punished for their offenses, and that it does non count whether executings deter the offense rate. We will write a custom essay sample on For Capital Punishment Essay Research Paper Capital or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I believe that implementing the decease punishment will non merely penalize the guilty but it will besides assist protect the safety of citizens by taking unsafe felons from society. The condemnable must be cognizant that others have been punished in the yesteryear for the discourtesy that he or she is be aftering, and that what happened to another person who committed this discourtesy, can besides go on to him or her. Simply stated # 8220 ; disincentive refers to a circumstance in which an person refrains from an act because he or she perceives a hazard of penalty for the act and frights that penalty. Peoples fear decease more than anything else, and decease is hence the most effectual possible hindrance # 8221 ; ( Clay 70 ) Many people who oppose the decease punishment will utilize everything from morality to faith to seek and back up their beliefs. Those who support the decease punishment can make the same: as the bible says, # 8220 ; Whoever takes the life of any human being shall be put to decease? A life for a life! Anyone who inflicts an hurt on his neighbour shall have the same in return # 8221 ; ( Leviticus 24: 17-19 ) I am non stating that the Bible is the authorization in American societal and judicial policy, but many people believe in their faith, and the Bible is what they use to back up their beliefs. By accepting this reading of the Bible, I believe many more people would back up the decease punishment. I agree with Walter Berns when he says, # 8220 ; The condemnable jurisprudence must be made atrocious, by which I mean, amazing, or commanding pro-found regard or respectful fright. It must remind us of the moral order by which entirely we can populate as human existences, and in our twenty-four hours the lone penalty that can make this is capital penalty # 8221 ; ( Berns 173 ) . One manner to hold on the populace? s attending is to see public executing. Representative William L. Clay Sr. provinces, # 8220 ; If capital penalty is to function as a hindrance, this state must emulate the illustration set by China. There executings are held in public and carried out by a individual shooting in the dorsum of the caput # 8221 ; ( Clay 95 ) . This would decidedly direct a message out to any possible felon to believe twice earlier moving on urge. Leting the populace to witness person else? s life being taken off would show the earnestness of the offense, transfusing fright into those who may perpetrate offenses in the hereafter. As for the critics who believe that capital penalty is non a hindrance, it will halt repetition wrongdoers. Harmonizing to Walter Berns, # 8220 ; the most defendable justification for capital penalty is incapacitation. That an executed capital wrongdoer can neer kill once more is an inarguable fact # 8221 ; ( Bohm nine ) . An illustration of this was merely late in the intelligence, # 8220 ; Lawrence Singleton, who was paroled in California a decennary ago for ravishing a teen-age hitchhiker and chopping off her forearms, was sentenced to decease Tuesday for killing a cocotte in his Tampa life room # 8221 ; ( CNN Interactive ) . If Lawrence Singleton would hold been put to decease in 1978, Roxanne Hayes, a 31-year-old female parent of three, would still be alive today. Obviously Singleton? s clip in prison was non good and did non rehabilitate him. This is a perfect illustration back uping the decease punishment. Capital penalty is a sensitive topic for some people. No 1 should desire to see another human being dice, but at the same clip the decease punishment is here to protect the safety and security of decent citizens. Supporters of capital penalty have claimed that society has the right to kill in defence of its members, merely as the person may kill in self-defense. Equally long as there are menaces to society, capital penalty must be used.

Problem Statement and Justification Research Paper Example

Problem Statement and Justification Paper This research is to be conducted in response to the concerns that have been principally motivated by the disturbing racial crime statistics which have revealed relatively high levels of criminality and growing rates of incarcerations among the African and Hispanic American populations. Moreover, approximately 90% of youth gang members who are directly related to juvenile delinquency are non-whites (Schmalleger, 2007). Hence, special attention and emphasis should be given to racial ethnicity in discovering effective intervention strategies in crime prevention in order to employ appropriate strategies for the progress and development of the racial minorities who are often relegated as marginalized sectors of society. Literature Review All research must have a sound basis upon which the key facts and ideas are drawn. To carry out this research, it will be critical that a lot of information regarding the use and general applicability of LIFT programs is researched. This will not only enhance the reliability of the final research findings but will also serve as an indication of the authenticity of those findings so that they can be more acceptable. That aside, a thorough and extensive review of literature on the research topic will enable the research to narrow down its scope and become more specific by adopting specific research question to concentrate on and by enhancing the process of formulating appropriate hypotheses for the research. Youth Violence The level of violence among the young people has been alarming (Irving Darlington, 2001). We will write a custom essay sample on Problem Statement and Justification specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Problem Statement and Justification specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Problem Statement and Justification specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The various child welfare groups have tended to wonder what could be done because it appears that once a child gets to his/her teen years, one starts to exhibit behavior that is totally unacceptable and out of the ordinary. This problem has been very rampant in this information age when many parents seem to care less about what their children are doing, believing that once a child is out to school it is the work of the teachers there to ensure the child is taught in the right manner, including behavioral ethics. On the other side, teachers have concentrated on formal lessons more than teaching morals to children. As a result, the school child is left to learn behavior from the peers with whom one frequently converses. If not, the child learns the behavior of the superstars in the movies one watches (Schneider, 2005). According to the social learning theory, children learn bad behavior from the people who matter to them. Therefore, it is critical that the child is exposed to the right people and programs so that lessons learnt are those that ideal and helpful (Adams, 2005). That is why a lot of emphasis has to be placed on the manner in which a child is brought. Given that the people with whom a child spends the most time in any given day are the parents and/or the teachers, these two hold the key to the future state of being for the child. And since aggressive behavior is learnt in early childhood but becomes manifest in teenage, it is the role of the parents and teachers to ensure that anything that might encourage or lead a child to adapt or develop aggressive behavior is dealt with appropriately (Schmalleger, 2007).

12 Angry Men Essays (864 words) - English-language Films

12 Angry Men Essays (864 words) - English-language Films 12 Angry Men Twelve Angry Men Leaders are defined by two separate characteristics; those who are appointed as the leader and those with no special title that emerge as influential. In the movie Twelve Angry Men, Henry Fonda portrays a character that gains respect by others for emerging as a leader. Along with holding leadership abilities, his actions also resulted in classic communication techniques. At the beginning of the movie, it may seem that Fonda is displaying deviant behavior. The scene opens with the jurors casting guilty votes to determine a thoughtless verdict. All eleven jurors, except one (Fonda) voted guilty. As a viewer watching this movie, you have to give the character consideration since he decided to go against the norm and vote not guilty. He could be considered a deviant because he has no valid evidence to prove his verdict, but he says that there is enough reasonable doubt to question the validity of the case. Is he not voting guilty just to get a rise out of everyone or is he really questioning the case? It is obvious that the other characters are not amused and single him out. This is also a deviant trait. However, this deviant trait leads into an emerging leadership that the other characters respect. As a leader, Henry Fonda stands out for various reasons. One of the most prominent is at the beginning of the movie. Fonda begins to display task-related functions by offering up a new idea to the group. In this case, it was the idea of the boy being not guilty. Although the men were upset with him, the thought had crossed their mind long enough to realize he may be right. By offering up his opinion and a new suggestion, he opened the door for character development of the other jurors. This then creates new options and processes for the group to explore. However, this also creates secondary tension and new power struggles. Fondas point was that he had no substantial evidence to prove that he knew the boy was not guilty, but he had enough doubt to make the claim. Since the rest of the jurors had their minds focused in guilty-mode, the secondary tension arrives to disrupt their substantive agreement. For example, Fonda is constantly ridiculed by the smaller minded of the jurors: the bigot or the sports fan. Others, however, are more open-minded and are curious to hear what he has to say. For example, the old, old man sitting next to Fonda seemed to be the most intrigued by Fonda, simply because he had the courage to be different. It is obvious to the viewer that Fonda is the leader, but as the rest of the jurors come into their own; you begin to question their effectiveness. For example, a power struggle is constantly brewing between Fonda and the juror with the picture of his son. Out of all the jurors, he outs up the most vicious fight. In the beginning, certain traits, such as his aggressiveness or persuasiveness, may have identified him as a leader. Although in the end, he had become the deviant to the other members of the jury. However, even as the secondary tension is increasing, Fonda begins to emerge as the leader by elaborating on what every juror was trying to say or making suggestions to keep the group focused. Toward the middle of the movie, he had persuaded almost half of the jury to be not guilty! They even started to go up to him and ask him what he really thought about the case. All he could say was all of it could have possibly not happened. This obviously wasnt enough to convince the more challenging characters. One of the communication concepts that Fonda demonstrates throughout the movie is the contingency concept. This holds that attaining appropriate leadership behaviors depends on the situation. Fonda attained this concept very eloquently. He had to take into consideration that he was going to be facing very tough ridicule and since he knew nothing of the other jurors, he had to keep an open mind about all of their suggestions as well. The jurys setting was so complex. Opposing views were flying all over the place.

Free Essays on The Song Of Solomon

The Song of Solomon - What's in a Name? Toni Morrison’s award-winning novel Song of Solomon is full of very interesting, deep symbolism. Macon Dead III, nicknamed â€Å"Milkman,† is a very symbolic character throughout the novel. His character is not only symbolic, for so is his name. Also, Milkman’s paternal aunt, Pilate, has an extremely significant and symbolic role in the novel. To her father, she represents the child who killed her own mother and took away her father’s wife. Seeing that Pontius Pilate sentenced Jesus to death, the name Pilate seems to coincide with her father, Macon Dead’s, opinion. Ironically, though, Pilate is a good person and is murdered in the end, just as Jesus was by Pontius Pilate. Another important character in the novel who portrays a great deal of symbolism is Guitar, Milkman’s best friend. Guitar is named after something that he is ultimately unable to attain. â€Å"I saw it when my mother took me downtown with her. I was just a baby†¦I cried for it, they said. And always asked about it.† This unreachable goal accurately describes his character throughout the novel. He is never able to overcome the obstacles that stand in his way or to reach the goals he has set for himself. Toni Morrison intelligently uses the characters Milkman, Pilate, and Guitar to successfully portray a great deal of symbolism throughout her novel. â€Å"A milkman. That’s what you got here, Miss Rufie.† Milkman is given his name for a very logical reason: his mother nurses him until he is an adolescent. Freddie discovers this and gives Macon III his new nickname that will stick with him for the rest of his life. The name Milkman is symbolic in that it represents the other man in his mother, Ruth’s, life; it represents her need for another man because she simply cannot get what she feels she wants and needs from her husband. Consequently, she turns to her son to provide her with the comfort and love she is lacking. ... Free Essays on The Song Of Solomon Free Essays on The Song Of Solomon The Song of Solomon - What's in a Name? Toni Morrison’s award-winning novel Song of Solomon is full of very interesting, deep symbolism. Macon Dead III, nicknamed â€Å"Milkman,† is a very symbolic character throughout the novel. His character is not only symbolic, for so is his name. Also, Milkman’s paternal aunt, Pilate, has an extremely significant and symbolic role in the novel. To her father, she represents the child who killed her own mother and took away her father’s wife. Seeing that Pontius Pilate sentenced Jesus to death, the name Pilate seems to coincide with her father, Macon Dead’s, opinion. Ironically, though, Pilate is a good person and is murdered in the end, just as Jesus was by Pontius Pilate. Another important character in the novel who portrays a great deal of symbolism is Guitar, Milkman’s best friend. Guitar is named after something that he is ultimately unable to attain. â€Å"I saw it when my mother took me downtown with her. I was just a baby†¦I cried for it, they said. And always asked about it.† This unreachable goal accurately describes his character throughout the novel. He is never able to overcome the obstacles that stand in his way or to reach the goals he has set for himself. Toni Morrison intelligently uses the characters Milkman, Pilate, and Guitar to successfully portray a great deal of symbolism throughout her novel. â€Å"A milkman. That’s what you got here, Miss Rufie.† Milkman is given his name for a very logical reason: his mother nurses him until he is an adolescent. Freddie discovers this and gives Macon III his new nickname that will stick with him for the rest of his life. The name Milkman is symbolic in that it represents the other man in his mother, Ruth’s, life; it represents her need for another man because she simply cannot get what she feels she wants and needs from her husband. Consequently, she turns to her son to provide her with the comfort and love she is lacking. ...

Anti-Semitism in Indonesia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Anti-Semitism in Indonesia - Research Paper Example In most Islamic countries, the anti-Semitic attitudes felt can be alluded to some underlying cause, but in Indonesia, the cause is just because of the country’s affiliation with Islam and the general dissatisfaction in the country. This paper will trace the history of anti-Semitism in Indonesia; give the relationship of the anti-Semitism with Islam and the factors that have contributed to the discrimination of minorities in the country. History of Jews in Indonesia According to Hadler (2004), after the discovery of raw materials and other resources in the 17th century by the Dutch, the development of the island was mainly helped by the Dutch Jews present then. Some of the earliest history indicates that the first Jewish settlement was first developed in the Sunda Island as early as 1850, and in that period, most of the Jews in the country were either of Dutch or German descent. These Jews lived primarily in Jakarta, Indonesia, and in that period, the first efforts were done to organize the Indonesian Jews into one community. However, these efforts failed, and the few families that lived there remained scattered. Later, in the early 1900s, arrivals of Jews from other countries like the Netherlands led to the formation of different Jewish centers in the country. As early as 1921, it is estimated that as many as 2,000 Jews lived in the main Jewish settlement or congregation in Surabaya. Most of these were originally the Baghdadi Jews who moved into the country. In these settlements, the Jews in then Indonesia were mainly traders or operated financial institutions in the country. After the Nazi scourge in the 1930s, more Jews arrived in Indonesia to escape Hitler’s war, but in the late 193os, the arrival of the Japanese

To what extent can personality traits predict a persons leadership Essay

To what extent can personality traits predict a persons leadership abilities - Essay Example To begin with, it is important to explain why Hitler was a bad leader. He certainly was responsible for the deaths of millions of people. That in itself is bad. But we know above all that Hitler was a bad leader because he left his country in ruins. He, more than anyone else—including the allies—was the reason that Germany was a divided, destroyed country in 1945. His erratic, haughty, and morbid personality could have predicted that terrible result (Robertson 1963). To begin with, history is important to putting Hitler's personality into perspective. World War One was a disaster for Germany. Many say that the war began as a result of German aggression ended with a German defeat. The winners of the war, Britain and France, were not in a mood to forgive after the terrible destruction of previous four years. They wanted maximum reparations from the German people for their losses during the war. That is why they chose to impose the Treaty of Versailles. The treaty was dest ructive for the German economy. Into this mess came Hitler, promising a revival. He promised a new Germany that would last a thousands years and would be a guiding light to the world. What type of man was he? Hitler was a failed painter. He came from a background that was not very good. He behaved erratically and had trouble making good relationships with people. He had grandiose ideas about himself, but throughout his life until that point had been a failure in everything he did. These were not the personality traits one looks for in a leader. Usually, people seek leaders from good background, who have confidence and credentials. Hitler managed to appeal to people because he blamed other people for Germany's suffering. He told Germans that they were not responsible for the tragedy that had befallen them. He told them to look elsewhere. He said he would lead them out of the wilderness (Robertson 1963). This was all very appealing. He was able to take over by force based on this argu ments. Rather than revolt against him, Germans accepted him as their leader. But what his personality and his qualities gave to the German people was more death and more destruction. Because of his erratic personality and poor qualities, he made multiple mistakes in starting and prosecution the Second World War. His actions led to a new and this time total defeat for the German nation. He was the worst kind of leader and many of his personality qualities would have predicted this. Among the most serious mistakes Hitler made based on his personality was attacking the Soviet Union in 1941. The truth is that one of his main personality qualities was paranoia: this is not a good quality to have in a leader. He suspected everyone around him at all times, including the leaders of other countries with which he made deals, such as Stalin. Since the remilitarization of the Rhineland in 1936, Hitler had been on a roll, winning success after success. He had successfully taken over Czechoslovak ia and Austria, and he had done what seemed impossible: the invasion of Poland and France. His western front could be threatened only by Britain, which was in no position to do so. His major concern was with the Eastern front. That was not a problem because he had made peace with Stalin in what was called the Ribbentrop-Molotov compact. This had divided Poland. The truth was that Stalin didn't care what Hitler did to Europe. Stalin didn't care if Hitler took the whole continent so long as there was peace between the two

The Madding crowd Essay Example for Free

The Madding crowd Essay Although he appears reserved, Bathshebas maid Liddy warns her mistress that the insincere Valentine will worry him to death. Perhaps this is because it is common knowledge that a distant relative of Boldwoods went mad and subsequently Boldwood cannot take things lightly. Boldwood has no real passionate feelings for Bathsheba before she sends him the Valentine, but when he receives the declaration of Bathshebas love, it sparks off the beginning of an intense obsession. Boldwood struggles to cope with the extreme emotions that sweep over him; his sheltered childhood in a society where different sexes were kept apart, means he is completely unprepared to deal with his obsession logically. He describes his feelings towards Bathsheba as being as strong as death. He neglects his farm, which had once been his priority and does not appear to be affected by the money he is loosing and the staff he will have to dismiss. Boldwood sees Troys death as an opportunity to have Bathsheba for himself. He plays on her guilt by reminding her of how she had led him on, and pressures her into promising to marry him six years after Troys death. When Troy reappears to everyones astonishment, Boldwood cannot handle the shock and is dismayed at the thought of loosing Bathsheba once more. Acting out of desperation, Boldwood kills Troy and attempts suicide. He is sentenced to life imprisonment and left unbalanced, in despair and completely dysfunctional. Although his obsession drove him to kill another man, Boldwood is the victim who suffers the most from an obsession that has ruined his life. Comparable to Bathsheba, Sergeant Francis Troys main obsession is with himself. His callus and egotistical nature make him constantly determined to get his own way. Yet he is often not content when he gets what he is after and it seldom takes him long to set his mind towards striving for something else. However, this can sometimes lead to the beginning of another obsession. His pride causes him to overreact when Fanny confuses the church where the couple are supposed to be married. This is purely because of the humiliation she has caused him. Whereas most people would forgive someone easily for such an innocent mistake, Troy is so offended and shamed that he cannot bear to risk his reputation once more, even if it is for someone he loves. He turns his attention to Bathsheba as he thinks it is unlikely she will publicly humiliate him. The full extent of his shallow nature is revealed when Troy is married to Bathsheba but treats some of his servants with more respect than her. He abandons Bathsheba under the false pretence of drowning without taking her feelings into consideration and then returns to the farm oblivious of the pain he has caused. If he had not left Bathsheba for so long and been so untruthful towards her, it is unlikely Boldwood would have reacted in the way he did and Troy would probably have survived. Fanny Robin is a relatively minor character in the novel, however she is involved in a complex subplot involving Troy. She was deeply in love with him to the point of obsession. In spite of the mistake she made in confusing the church where she and Troy were due to be wed, Fanny was determined to be with Troy. She arranged to meet him once more in a place of his choice, far away and difficult for Fanny to reach. She attempted the lengthy journey on foot but eventually her steps became feebler and it was clearly impossible for her to reach her goal. Her resolution to be with Troy was indubitably strong but the exhaustion and fatigue she felt was ultimately stronger. Willing and ready to be with Troy even if it killed her, a few of Fannys last words were, If I could only get there! Perhaps I shall be in my grave before then. Tragically, the next time Troy set eyes on Fanny she was, indeed, in her coffin. Therefore it is fair to say that obsession killed Fanny Robin. An obsession can take over a persons every waking thought; it can drive them and people around them to despair and can even cause them to kill another or themselves by simply trying to fulfil that obsession. These things happened in varying degrees of seriousness to every character in Far From the Madding Crowd which therefore suggests obsession is a key feature of the Novel. The variety of obsessions in the novel highlights the many different forms in which people can be obsessed.

Socio Cultural Impacts on Ethical Advertisement

Socio Cultural Impacts on Ethical Advertisement Advertising ethics affects the practice of our lives, and also the practice of business, in prominent ways. Advertising ethics concerns us all-academicians, ad agency personnel, advertisers, consumers, media personnel, and regulators-in one way or another. Moreover, advertising has become a race for creating a unique, cutting-edge, and enticing way of passing on relevant information to customers to facilitate and positively influence their buying decisions. Specifically, TV advertising has long focused on ethical choices faced by news practitioners as they deal with conflicting pressures and goals. Recent scholarly attention to media ethics has focused mainly on case studies of TV advertisers actions regarding such issues as invasion of privacy, ef ­fect of profit motive on advertisement content, and advertisers relationships to their sources Research Objectives Find the determinants that lead to unethical advertising Identify various impacts of unethical advertising on the organization Identify the social and cultural impacts of unethical advertising in particular To understand the importance of ethical advertising for business How ethical advertising is affected by the social and cultural values? Impacts of unethical advertising on the children Impacts of unethical advertising on the society and culture Reasons why firms get involve in unethical advertising To analyze the need of ethical advertising for business Literature review George M. Zinkhan (Sep1994) stated that buying behavior of consumers which is influenced by cultural and social factors include social class, family, demographics and geography. Culture is a combination of tangible factors and intangible values that articulate the lifestyle of a person. Social class is defined as the income group the individual belongs too which depends on the income earned, which determines buying behavior of a person. Reference group would usually include celebrities who endorse brands, members of the family and close friends etc. Family is totally different from the former ones because of the preferences, norms and values of a family in which the individual resides. Moreover the individuals buying decision is influenced by the ambience of his family and also values are grasped unconsciously in a particular family setting. Thus, the individuals buying decision is collectively and unconsciously is influenced by the family. Demographics are specific details about a p erson which include gender, income, age etc. this also include the geographical location of a person which influences the buying behavior of a person. Factors which can affect a persons decision making include climate, weather etc. These tangible and intangible factors affect the marketers in making ethical decisions about marketing. Bowie (2002) stated in his article that marketing ethics is subset of business ethics and deals with the application of moral standards marketing decisions, behaviors and also the institutions at large. Marketing ethics examine the moral issues that marketers faces in organizations. Important topics include advertising honesty and truthfulness, fairness in pricing, safety and liability and forthrightness in selling. During recent years positive developments in marketing ethics include recognition of the difference between normative, descriptive and analytical work in the field. Normative ethics deal with articulating and defending basic moral norms. Descriptive ethics deals with the scientific study of ethics conducted by social scientists while analytical marketing ethics include works that examine basic ethical marketing concepts and norms. Moreover there are five core virtues listed; integrity, fairness, trust, respect and empathy. These are relevant for marketing in a multi-cultu ral and multinational context. There are many different theories which were tested. Amongst them which received substantial attention is Kohlbergs theory of cognitive moral development (CMD).this study found out that marketing practitioners are similar to professional groups on the CMD scale and secondly highly educated female workers score highest on CMD and thirdly those marketers most advanced in moral reasoning also exhibit socially responsible attitudes and behavior. Marketers must accept moral responsibility for their strategies as well as for marketing efforts aimed at that segment. Cecilia (April 1999) stated in his article that in western countries conflicts between ethical/moral and social/economic values are observed. Many professionals see themselves disoriented concerning the correct attitude to take when facing dynamic and diversified possibilities for their marketing strategies. The explanatory study was conducted titled The Moral Themes in Advertising was conducted to know what actually the marketers think or what is their perception about the concept of ethics in their ethical performance, social responsibility in marketing and the standards and guidelines. This study was conducted through mailing questionnaires to 78 foreign countries. This questionnaire had 170 questions, most of them had to be rated 1 being the lowest and 5 being the highest .The results were gathered and variance was analyzed. There were a lot of variations in the results of different countries. Some countries had more moral values and therefore were more ethical in their marketing strategies. The social uses do influence the human behavior, since they reflect and condition the values system of a society. The morality of these uses and means correspond to the dignity of the social and human nature. It justifies that advertisers and other marketing practitioners or professors throughout the world study a way of becoming more sensitive to the grave responsibility they assume, concerning their apparent alienation about ethical duties and obligations toward the citizens. Fritzsche (November 1995) stated in his article that personal values significantly influence the decision making process of a person. The article studies the relationship that exists between personal values and ethical dimensions of decisions. There are numerous studies that show that that personal value plays an important role in influencing the behavior of marketing managers. Studies also suggest that managers should be screened out on the basis of their values while hiring. The basic definition of values is defined as A value is a conception, explicit or implicit of the desirable that influences the selection from available modes, means and ends of action. Another definition states that a value is an enduring belief that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conducts or end state of existence. Studies by numerous scholars suggest that behavior is a result of values and attitudes and that value p rovide a basis for the development of individual attitudes which lead to specific decision making. A personal value questionnaire was developed in England in which managers were asked to evaluate the performance of 66 values. This was measured on a success scale, a right scale and a pleasant scale, which showed a high variation in values of different people. Becker(November 1990) states in this article that ethical behavior of marketing managers can be examined by their reactions and responses to a varied sequence of ethical dilemmas presented to them. These include coercion and control, conflict of interest, physical environment paternalism and personal integrity. To conduct this study the respondents were selected from a random sample of 593 marketing practitioners from American Marketing Association.Memebers who were listed were either consultants or academics were not included in the sample. Total of 124 questionnaires were received and processed. The results were evaluated on three broad categories which were the individual, the individuals peer and the individuals top management. However there were some limitations to this study because the response rate was very low. Secondly the data was based on statements of what the respondents. The managers responded to coercion and control dilemmas differently than they responded to conflict of interest problems. This response in turn differed from their response to personal integrity dilemmas. The paternalism response did not differ significantly from either the conflict of interest or the personal integrity response. Therefore care should be taken when interpreting past and future empirical studies of ethical behavior to avoid generalizing across categories of ethical problems. Desmond (2004) stated in his article that regardless of argumentative concerns of marketing ethicists, a societal based morality continues to suffer because of marketing practices. This article in the light of ethicist and egoist elements of moral theory discovers the outcomes of marketing actions relative to the normative elements. Ethicists are the scholars arguing that better moral outcomes can be reached via the embodiment of the maxims of moral philosophy within management theory. Whereas egoists those who profess Adam Smiths view that the pursuit of different forms of self-interest will eventually lean towards the best, or least worst, of moral consequences in economic situations. Ahmed (May 1996) in this paper examines the features, similarities and differences in advertising expressions and strategies. The study is on a cross cultural analysis which compared USA a high context culture with India a low context culture. A random sample of advertisements were chosen for this research, consumer products were selected which were from nationally circulated newspaper and magazines of each country. The study found out that there are substantial differences in the advertisements produced by the two countries and reflections of their cultural values could be seen in their advertising expressions. Moreover it was revealed that US advertisements were direct, distinctive in which sexual portrayals of women were used whereas in Indian ads indirect style was used with combined visuals and stereotypical portrayals of women were more frequently used compared to US ads. Furthermore it has been said that most of the cross cultural empirical studies that have been conducted to date compared either two or more Western industrialized countries or Western and Eastern industrialized countries. Other cross cultural analysis were also conducted which compared US with UK. Every analysis showed a different and varied result. Hayman (September 1994) stated in his article that the practice of our lives and businesses is affected by advertising ethics in prominent ways. Advertising ethics concerns too many people which include consumers, academicians, ad agency personnel, advertisers, and media personnel somehow. Recent articles have scrutinized the ethicality of ads with exploitive appeals, persuasive appeals and stereotyped actors. Other articles studied the ethicality of ads for professional services, politicians or political causes and questionable products like cigarettes. Different tests were carried out which showed different results. Respondents said that they value funding constraints and concomitant reliance on convenience significantly more than other impediments. Moreover the use of dishonesty, advertisement for children, tobacco ads, use of stereotypes should also be avoided according to the respondent. Buijzen (2003) in his article introduced a model on the unintended effects of advertising and conducted tests to test the validity of three hypothesis about the impact of advertising on materialism, parent child conflict and unhappiness. It was observed that there was a moderate relationship between advertising and materialism and advertising and parent-child conflict however no significant relationship was found between unhappiness and advertising. Moreover it is stated that television advertisements aimed at children were a subject of concern in US and Europe in early 1970s. Furthermore it is discussed that effects of advertising directed toward children are based on two paradigms; paradigm of empowered child and paradigm of vulnerable child. In paradigm of empowered child, children are viewed as skilled consumers critically processing commercial messages whereas in paradigm of vulnerable child assumes that children lack cognitive skills to protect themselves against advertising m essages. It was also examined that children are more susceptible than adults to the seductive influence of commercials. Robert Bartels (1997) stated in his article that he contributed the first comprehensive model for ethics in marketing. This conceptualization of the variables that influence marketing ethics decision making determine the logical basis for marketers to determine what is right or wrong. In this article a schematic plan for analyzing the variables inherent in the ethics of decision making; and provided a framework for social and personal ethics in marketing decisions. This model was successful in outlining variables that influence ethical decision making, including participants, cultural influencers, role expectations, and the complexity of ethical decision making. Chapter 3: Methodology This section outlines and elaborates on the research and how it was conducted. It covers the details of the research design, methodology for collecting the data, population, questionnaire development and data analysis. 3.1 Research Design The aim of the paper is to figure out how Socio cultural factors affect ethical advertising. The basic idea is to equip ourselves with additional research on the phenomenon of consumer response with respect to unethical advertisements; this makes the research a basic research. Since the objective is to find socio cultural factors affect ethical advertisements, this research was termed as descriptive and casual in nature. 3.2 Data Collection Method Data can be collected from primary or secondary sources. A primary data refers to information collected firsthand by the researcher based on the variables of interest for the specific purpose of study. Whereas a secondary data refers to information collected from sources already existing. This research was based on primary data collection approach. Questionnaires were used for collecting data. Personally administered questionnaires were used. They were distributed to a total of 29 people of different ages, occupation and income. Once the questionnaires was filled they were collected from the respondent, the researcher was accompanying the respondent so that queries from respondent can be answered. The anonymity and confidentiality of the researcher and their responses was ensured and were analyzed at the aggregate level only. Close ended questions were used in the questionnaire which helped the respondents to make quick decisions to choose among the several alternative before them (Sekaran, 2000). Such type of questionnaires also helps the researcher to code the information easily for subsequent analysis. Likert-style rating scale was used; it consists of subsequent options: strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, and strongly disagree. Different statements were made in the questions and respondents were asked the degree as to what they agree or disagree upon. 3.3 Questionnaire Development The layout of the questionnaire is very important to reduce the biases in the research (Sekaran, 2000); due to this the layout is kept simple and limited to 4 pages only. Questionnaire starts with an introduction of research. The design of the questionnaire is attached in Appendix 2. Theoretical framework Operational Definitions 1) Industry Standards: Industry standards are orderly and systematic formulation, adoption, or application of standards used in the industry. An industrial standard is a generally accepted requirement to be met for the attainment of a recurrent industrial objective. These standards would be evaluated through secondary data obtained from Internet. 2) Personal Conscience: It explains the concomitant moral judgment that determines the morality of actions; it can be right, correct, doubtful or scrupulous. Data would be gauged by asking indirect questions from the respondents and their answers would reflect their conscience. 3) Company Policy: Company policies are guidelines-statements (guide to plans decision making) to facilitate predetermined objective on the mode and manner in the structural functional aspects to achieve the objective formulated as plans at all levels of management in the business organization. Data related to company policy would be gathered by visiting Telecom companies like Telenor and Warid. 4) Moral values: Moral values explain the standards of good and evil, which govern an individuals behavior and choices. Every person has different morals and it is difficult to judge a persons moral values therefore data for moral values would be gauged by asking indirect questions from the respondents and their answers would reflect their moral values. 5) Government laws and regulations: Government is a system of social control which grants a particular group of society the right to make laws, and the right to enforce them. Laws and regulations are rules that order human activities and relations through systematic application of the force of politically organized society. Data would be gathered through Internet and Government publications. 6) Regulatory agencies: Regulatory agencies are independent government bodies formed or mandated under the terms of a legislative act to ensure compliance with the provisions of the act, and in carrying out its purpose. Data related to regulatory agencies would be gathered from secondary data available on internet and government publications. 7) Religion: Religion is defined as a specific fundamental set of beliefs and practices generally agreed upon by a number of persons or sects. Religion is an important factor that affects advertisements. Data would be gathered through Questionnaires and focus groups. 8) Cultural values: Cultural values are Commonly held standards of what is acceptable or unacceptable, important or unimportant, right or wrong, workable or unworkable, etc., in a community or society. Data related to Cultural values would be gauged through Questionnaires and focus groups. Hypotheses 1 Socio-Cultural factors have a significant/insignificant impact on ethical advertisement Ho: Socio-Cultural factors have a significant impact on ethical advertisement H1: Socio-Cultural factors have an insignificant impact on ethical advertisement Multiple Regressions Q6 Dependent variable: Q6 Independent variables: Q12 Q13 Q15 Q19 Standard T Parameter Estimate Error Statistic P-Value CONSTANT 0.00863931 0.355308 0.024315 0.9808 Q12 0.391237 0.171878 2.27624 0.0320 Q13 0.321197 0.12931 2.48393 0.0204 Q15 0.0993521 0.179206 0.554402 0.5844 Q19 0.19747 0.0812598 2.43011 0.0229 Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value Model 7.96444 4 1.99111 44.66 0.0000 Residual 1.07004 24 0.044585 Total (Corr.) 9.03448 28 R-squared = 88.156 percent R-squared (adjusted for d.f.) = 86.1821 percent Standard Error of Est. = 0.211152 Mean absolute error = 0.127206 Durbin-Watson statistic = 2.18452 (P=0.6825) Lag 1 residual autocorrelation = -0.0946458 The StatAdvisor The output shows the results of fitting a multiple linear regression model to describe the relationship between Q6 and 4 independent variables. The equation of the fitted model is Q6 = 0.00863931 + 0.391237*Q12 + 0.321197*Q13 + 0.0993521*Q15 + 0.19747*Q19 Since the P-value in the ANOVA table is less than 0.05, there is a statistically significant relationship between the variables at the 95.0% confidence level. The R-Squared statistic indicates that the model as fitted explains 88.156% of the variability in Q6. The adjusted R-squared statistic, which is more suitable for comparing models with different numbers of independent variables, is 86.1821%. The standard error of the estimate shows the standard deviation of the residuals to be 0.211152. This value can be used to construct prediction limits for new observations by selecting the Reports option from the text menu. The mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.127206 is the average value of the residuals. The Durbin-Watson (DW) statistic tests the residuals to determine if there is any significant correlation based on the order in which they occur in your data file. Since the P-value is greater than 0.05, there is no indication of serial autocorrelation in the residuals at the 95.0% confidence level. In determining whether the model can be simplified, notice that the highest P-value on the independent variables is 0.5844, belonging to Q15. Since the P-value is greater or equal to 0.05, that term is not statistically significant at the 95.0% or higher confidence level. Consequently, you should consider removing Q15 from the model. Multiple Regression Q6 Dependent variable: Q6 Independent variables: Q12 Q13 Q19 Standard T Parameter Estimate Error Statistic P-Value CONSTANT 0 0.350015 0 1.0000 Q12 0.453202 0.128754 3.5199 0.0017 Q13 0.369458 0.0942868 3.91845 0.0006 Q19 0.187192 0.0780131 2.39949 0.0242 Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value Model 7.95074 3 2.65025 61.14 0.0000 Residual 1.08374 25 0.0433498 Total (Corr.) 9.03448 28 R-squared = 88.0044 percent R-squared (adjusted for d.f.) = 86.5649 percent Standard Error of Est. = 0.208206 Mean absolute error = 0.123662 Durbin-Watson statistic = 2.1867 (P=0.6811) Lag 1 residual autocorrelation = -0.0951858 The StatAdvisor The output shows the results of fitting a multiple linear regression model to describe the relationship between Q6 and 3 independent variables. The equation of the fitted model is Q6 = -6.99441E-15 + 0.453202*Q12 + 0.369458*Q13 + 0.187192*Q19 Since the P-value in the ANOVA table is less than 0.05, there is a statistically significant relationship between the variables at the 95.0% confidence level. The R-Squared statistic indicates that the model as fitted explains 88.0044% of the variability in Q6. The adjusted R-squared statistic, which is more suitable for comparing models with different numbers of independent variables, is 86.5649%. The standard error of the estimate shows the standard deviation of the residuals to be 0.208206. This value can be used to construct prediction limits for new observations by selecting the Reports option from the text menu. The mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.123662 is the average value of the residuals. The Durbin-Watson (DW) statistic tests the residuals to determine if there is any significant correlation based on the order in which they occur in your data file. Since the P-value is greater than 0.05, there is no indication of serial autocorrelation in the residuals at the 95.0% confidence level. In determining whether the model can be simplified, notice that the highest P-value on the independent variables is 0.0242, belonging to Q19. Since the P-value is less than 0.05, that term is statistically significant at the 95.0% confidence level. Consequently, you probably dont want to remove any variables from the model.

High school essay on Robbery and burglary Essay

Developing conclusions based upon current trends with Robberies and Burglaries is a very difficult task. For many cases, many robberies and burglaries go unsolved. Unless the perpetrator is caught at the scene of the crime, these types of crimes are very difficult to be solved. Robberies and Burglaries are usually quick, sometimes planned out, and are over and done with before anyone knows anything is missing. The typical scenario of a crime today usually consists of the following. Masked and armed individuals, more times males than females. Forced entry, while the criminal uses fear as there main controlling factor. In and out kind of deal where they break in, steal the stuff and leave. However, more today than ever before, there are more high tech planned out, skilled criminals, rather than your average break in, get out criminals. Unfortunately, trends also show that many of these crimes end up getting ugly. When a person is involved, such as a break in when people are home, the perpetrator is usually armed with a weapon of some kind. Many times the robbery does not go as planned and robbery plus murder or attempted murder is committed. Trends also show that robberies and burglaries are also committed against certain kinds of people. These people are the ones that are the most vulnerable or naà ¯ve. Leaving your garage door open and unattended and walking around with large amounts of cash on you are two examples of things not too do, or someone might take advantage of you. Another thing the articles have proven is that criminals can be very tricky. For instance, the Spanish couple that robbed the Spanish speaking woman. That robbery was well planned out so that the woman trusted two strangers into her home, not knowing what would soon occur. In order to prevent these types of crimes from occurring, there are many logical things which the average citizen can do: a) Keep everything under lock and key. This means that everyone should make sure that there house, car, and other valuables are kept protected with a  good security system. b) Make sure everyone knows you are well protected. Everyone should know that if a burglar sees two identical houses, one of which has a sign showing which security system they use and one has nothing, the house with nothing is in for some trouble. Also find out if your neighborhood has a neighborhood watch program. If not, it isn’t a bad idea to create one. Criminals will always choose the easier target over a more protected one. c) Be alert. If an unknown individual comes to your door, make sure they show you an official badge or something which proves they are who they say they are. Anyone could carry some mail or a box and say they have a delivery for you. d) Never under-estimate the mind of a criminal. Criminals can be very tricky if they need to be. If a situation is beginning to look suspicious, don’t hang around to see what’s up. Leave the area, and make a phone call to the police.

Develop MPI Essay

First, in today’s global economy, many companies are vying for a presence in the global markets. There are several ways to gain entry into a foreign market but many questions must be answered first to make sure there is a return on investment or an exit strategy. In the Foley Company case, Joanne has to determine what are her Company strategies advantages and disadvantages of entering Brazilian market for soybeans harvesters: First, she has to determine whether the Company is considering a standalone entry or entry through alliances. This could be a pivotal point in their decision because on one hand the lack of experience with foreign manufacturing operations could prove to be costly in a standalone entry for example. But as Mr. Osborne point it out this is also a â€Å"too good to lose† market, so an equity-base method of entry through alliances seemed to be a none-starter for Foley Company. But eventually, Ms. Poe has other options to consider for entry strategies: Contract Manufacturing, Licensing, Franchising or Exporting. Contract Manufacturing Contract manufacturing has a flexibility element to it as an entry method as it can be used as an added value to other method of entry. This is a major advantage. Ms. Poe could recommend this option in conjunction with franchising for example. Contract Manufacturing would also give the Foley Company a new look at the market in Brazil because the company has not seen this aspect of business in Brazil. Here, the company could focus on R&D and other improvement to its machinery to gain competitive advantage. The advantages of this method of entry could be: low capital required, low risk, manageable exit strategy, easy to structure and direct the process. The disadvantages of this method could be: the Company could lose some control due to lack of international experience, difficult to account for the cultural and differences in quality of work and standards, locally accepted practices can be hard to gauge when selecting vendors of supplies of parts etc. can be a problem for a new entran t in the market especially when there is potential for major capital investment. Licensing Licensing method of entry for companies could be reinsuring for the Foley Company because the Company would be able to legally protect its assets  while in the process conducting market establishing its name in Brazil. But this is more to prepare the â€Å"field† by licensing its rights and expertize to local companies conduct to business on its behalf. The important elements here are protection by the local regulations. The advantages here could be: Less hurdles to enter in case of import complexities in Brazil, fast entry into the market, no capital upfront required to establish a presence. But the disadvantages could be: Decrease in sales (not fully engage yet), culture differences and interpretations, and more importantly, the licensee could collaborate with competitors or become competitors themselves which would complicate future deals in Brazil. Franchising By recommending franchising a method of entry, Ms. Poe could emphasize the fact in this case rapid expansion, where a franchise would maintain a business relationship with Foley Company which would grant it the right to distribute its soybeans harvesters using Foley’s brand in exchange for a fee. The creation of a network of owner operated dealers would increase its market share and expanded territories. Less advertising programs and costs, market penetration at high rate, brand equity. The disadvantage of this method of entry could be the cost of engaging locals by Foley Company and potential lack of connection between the company goals in US and it Brazilian counterpart might cause frictions because the local might not be fully vested into the â€Å"bigger picture†. My recommendation would be: Wholly Owned Subsidiaries: Like many Companies, The Foley Company could establish itself fully in Brazil. This would give the company ownership through wholly owned subsidiaries. This method would allow Foley Company to gain control over manufacturing operations and any profits centers completely without sharing with any potential partners. The drawback to this method of entry would be the high initial investment. There can’t be guarantees here because of other intangible like politics, social, economical facts can complicate matters sometimes. But in the long-run, this method of entry which can be done through Acquisition or Greenfield investment (building entirely new facility), would yield many advantages for the company, for example brand equity, increase its competitiveness in the market. With the right  synergies, the economic benefits, in my opinion would outweigh the costs while expanding the market. References http://www.coursesmart.com/SR/7071808/0077496191/331?__hdv=6.8 https://blackboard.neu.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_2239043_1%26url%3D Buckley, P.J., and Casson, M.C. 1998. Analyzing Foreign Market Entry Strategies: Extending the Internationalization Approach. Journal of International Business Studies: 539-561.

Hazards and Benefits of Science and Technology Essay Example

Hazards and Benefits of Science and Technology Essay Example Hazards and Benefits of Science and Technology Essay Hazards and Benefits of Science and Technology Essay The last two centuries have seen monumental alterations in our lives. brought Forth by promotions in scientific discipline and engineering. These promotions have their jeopardies and benefits in the society. It is these negative and positive impacts that this paper will be looking at. Right from the yearss that work forces discovered how to do fire. finds have come streaming our manner at an astonishing rate. Telephones. autos. projectiles and computing machines have all been brought by scientific discipline. Undeniably these innovations have made our lives better and tolerable. The benefits reaped throigh the innovations in medical specialty can non be underscored or under estimated. It has helped us to get by with our organic structures and wellness in uncountable ways. The benefits of medical specialty now can enable us populate a full life with the best wellness possible. Many epidemics in the early yearss caused unmeasurable human agonies and losingss of untold magnitude. and so excessively could little syphiliss and infantile paralysiss have done had it non been for scientific discipline. taking to a find of effectual inoculations. Medicine is salvaging lives and giving patients a 2nd opportunity to populate. A bosom surgery and a graft had ever been impossible and a patient with a bosom complaint was considered to be populating his/her last yearss. This nevertheless changed in the twentieth century when the first bosom graft was conducted by Bernard. Medicine continues to assist us contend lifelessly diseases while giving us an chance to take control of our lives. It is merely but a affair of clip that pandemics such as AIDS and diabetes will hold a remedy. : These are merely but a few illustrations of how medicine. occasioned by comings in scientific discipline and engineering. is profiting our lives. Technology continues to ease communicating in a phenomenal manner. Looking at how far we have come amazes me even more- from the yearss of membranophones and fume to a complete different epoch of digital engineering where about everything is done at the touch of a button. Now it is taking merely a few seconds to pass on to person you are separated with by seas and huge lands. The trademark of these innovations in the communicating sector is the computing machine. It has revolutionalized our lives in ways that could non hold been imagined before. Storage and retrieval of information has improved a batch. analysis of informations and events is merely now a affair of seconds. Telegraphs and tele facsimiles came but now they have been undertaken by the cyberspace and nomadic phones. Internet has besides revolutionized research and information entree which has become cheaper and fast. Business minutess are now completed at the touch of a cardinal through e-commerce salvaging a great sum of clip. The amusement industry has non been left behind. with greater innovations seeking to better the comfort and luxury of a modern individual. Looking besides at the citizen security and protection besides highlights the benefits of scientific discipline and engineering. It is now possible to foretell temblors. foul conditions and other natural catastrophes that may bechance humanity. This ensures that people raise their degree of readiness. In the energy field. experts are looking into new beginnings of renewable energy. With the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours dangers and hazards of ozone bed depletion. dodo fuel which is the lead cause of environmental depletion could shortly be replaced by a more clearer and efficient H. which will be a lasting non fouling beginning of energy. It is clear for all to see how the innovations in scientific discipline and engineering continue to benefits the society in a great manner. However. it is a two edged razor that besides leads to adverse effects in ways that can take to a suffering terminal to the humanity ( Burby. R. J 15-25 ) . Our universe today is seeking to cope with how to get by with the jeopardies caused by the of all time spread outing innovations in scientific discipline and engineering. Developments in the scientific discipline and engineering sector in the last centuries have seen an addition of planetary heating occasioned by the continued depletion of the ozone later-a thin bed protecting the Earth from the harmful radiations of the Sun. This is greatly caused by ; continued usage of fossil fuel. air transit and green house engineering in farming merely to advert a few. This has led to a alteration in climatic forms. doing it erratically risky to the humanity. The increased instances of temblors. drouths. inundations and desertification have been attributed to planetary heating. Another illustration of the jeopardies brought Forth by scientific discipline and engineering is the betterments of innovations in the art of warfare. The twentieth century evidenced major innovations in arms used in the first and 2nd universe wars. The innovation of land and ballistic air missiles and most significantly the atomic and biological war caputs transformed warfare to another degree. For the first clip. human existences were faced with the world that they could contend themselves to extinction. This was demonstrated when the United States of America responded to the Pearl Harbor onslaught by the Japanese. They reiterated by utilizing atomic bombing the metropoliss of Hiroshima and Nagasaki striking 1000s of lives and injuring many more. This is a living illustration of how scientific discipline and engineering can take to a risky terminal of worlds. All in all. many people are on understanding that the few stray jeopardies that can ensue from scientific discipline and engineering can non H2O down the benefits originating from the same. A simple cost benefits analysis indicate that humanity stand to derive more as innovations in scientific discipline and engineering continue to be realized.

Socialization of Drugs

Socialization of Drugs Free Online Research Papers Substance abuse in America has become an overwhelming problem considering the numbers of people who use today compared to fifty years ago. Today, drugs are used commonly by the rich and successful, the disadvantaged, middle class and a majority of the student body. America has become a drug culture, the marketplace of an international flow of drugs on an unprecedented scale. (Long, 1986) One of the main foundations of this social problem is the intense availability of drugs in neighborhoods where crime is prevalent. This whole issue can be regarded and defined through the conflict perspective and the basic conflict approach can be utilized as a tool to dissect the problem even further. There are many reasons why drug/substance abuse can be defined as a social problem. Kornblum and Julian developed three criterions for a condition to be considered â€Å"a social problem†. The first criterion is that the condition must be defined as a problem. If any American on the side of the street is asked if he or she thinks that substance abuse is a problem, the majority of them will answer, yes. Therefore, because majority believes it is a problem, then it fits the first criterion. The second criterion for defining it as a social problem is that it must affect everyone. â€Å"Agree that although this condition affects a segment of the population directly and/or disproportionately, it also affects the society as a whole or is ‘caused’ by something beyond the individual’s control.† (Sayegh, 2001) This rule can be applied to substance abuse because it affects all areas of class and society. The final criterion is to propose a solution. S ociety has done this through developing â€Å"say no to drugs† programs, rehab services, psycho/addiction therapy, offered many lectures, etc. to help keep people young and old off drugs. Now that substance abuse has been recognized as a social problem it can further be explained and categorized though the conflict perspective. The conflict perspective was developed by Karl Marx as a reaction to industrialization and capitalism. Although it is perceived as a radical perspective it is still efficient when dealing with substance abuse. In many ways, drug abuse can be attributed to the access of wealth and power, depending on the type of drug. Many statues of inequality, such as class, race ethnicity, gender, age, physical/mental capabilities, and sexual orientation, cause clashes in values and interests between different groups in society. Some of these groups are religious groups, political groups, men/women, and homosexual/heterosexual. Drug abuse affects all of these groups, both dominant and subordinate. (Sayegh 2001) This approach can also best be expressed through statistics. An estimated 14.8 million Americans were current users of illicit drugs in 1999, meaning they used an illicit drug at least once during the 30 days prior to the interview. 10.9% of youths age 12-17 reported current use of illicit drugs in 1999. The difference in gender is of those youths was 11.3%-male and 10.5%-female. For ethnic groups, the rates for illicit drug use were 3.2% for Asians, 6.6% for whites, 6.8% for Hispanics, 7.7% for African Americans, 10.6% for American Indian/Alaska Natives, and persons who claimed mixed race was 11.2%. The total percentages for large metropolitan, small metropolitan, non-metropolitan and rural were 7.1, 7.0, 5.2, and 4.2 respectively. Almost a 3% increase in users is found when going from rural to urban areas. (www.samhsa.gov/oas/NHSDA/1999/Highlights.htm) Although these statistics were for illicit drug users, it still expresses a lot in the way of drug abuse being a social problem. In some instances it even presents a conflict within itself. Some of the social inequalities are portrayed through these statistics. One is a clash between male and female. It is often true that men are more likely to be drug users than women. As time progresses this becomes less and less true. However, currently there are more males using than there are females statistically. (McDonald, 1994) In the instance of age, there are more youths becoming users at even earlier ages. This can be attributed to the pressures put on young children at an early age to do well and succeed, as well as pressures from peers. This can be found mainly in large metropolitan areas where classes are mixed in schools. It is obvious that the Bourgeoisie-the ‘Haves’ and the Proletariat-the ‘Have Nots’ are affected for several reasons. Considering the racial statistics, it is apparent that the most discriminated groups have the highest abuse rates as well as lower incomes. One exception to this is the Asian statistics. This, however, can be attributed to deeply rooted traditions from the societies they come from. Many cultures believe that drug addiction is a fault found in a person’s psyche and thus they are considered unclean. This is mostly due to the belief that addiction is a choice. â€Å"Absolutely crucial to disease-model thinking is the theory that when addicts are taking their drug, they have ‘lost control’. They supposedly cannot help themselves; they have no option but to go on taking the drug. It’s easy to see that this theory is indispensable to the disease model. Without this loss of control, how could anyone claim that the decision to take or not to take some drug was not a genuine choice? ‘Loss of control’ has been repeatedly sought by researchers and has never been found. All the evidence we have supports the view that drug addicts are conscious-yes, even calculating –responsible persons, in full command of their behavior.† (Shaler pg. 21) Alcoholics control their drinking, marijuana smokers control their smoking , cocaine users control their cocaine consumption, heroin addicts control their use of heroin, etc. (Schaler, 2000) Although what Schaler says is all found to be true to a degree, he isn’t writing from a social science perspective. Users do control the intake of their drug of choice, however who is chosen and who is not is more up to society with some psychological influence. The psychological influence, however, has been directly affected by society as mentioned before with inequalities of status. On a meso-level there is a system that has developed an ideology that drug addiction is a choice and that it is wrong which is the judicial system. They have developed a set of norms and values for society to follow with laws. Because they carry out the law and have their hands full of substance abusers, they are reliable sources for statistics on drug abuse related crimes. Every year they publish a Uniform Crime Report, otherwise known as the crime index. It is an â€Å"official† statistic report for crimes including murder, manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson. In this particular report the statistics for Drug Abuse violation arrests is recorded. Drug abuse violations are defined as State or local offenses relating to the unlawful possession, sale, use, growing, manufacturing, and making of narcotic drugs including opium or cocaine and their derivatives, marijuana, synthetic narcotics, and dangerous nonnarcotic drugs such as barbiturates. (ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/briefing/basedrug.htm). There have been many different attempts at ending drug abuse related crimes by having a â€Å"war on drugs† and â€Å"locking all of them up†. Some problems with these solutions are that people find them intrusive into their personal lives and the cost of funding the war on drugs is about fifteen billion dollars a year. Some other arguments that go against the war on drugs are: â€Å"Because criminalization makes drugs expensive, addicts are forced to commit crimes to continue their habits† and â€Å"Because drug trade is illegal, highly profitable [it causes] turf wars and or disputes between drug dealers [which causes] increased violence.† (Sayegh, 2001) The trend in drug arrests among adults and juveniles has increased dramatically over the last 30 years as well. In 1970, 100,000 juveniles and 350,000 adults were arrested on drug related charges. In 1999, 1,350,000 adults and 250,000 juveniles were arrested on drug related charges. (ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/glance/drug.htm) Perhaps these numbers have increased due to population growth, and perhaps they could be reduced with better drug education programs. To widely educate the risks and facts about drug abuse, the community must make an effort to come together and help those in need. These people must be students- in grades K-12; educators- teachers, school administrators, other members of school staff; and adult members- of the community, parents and friends of school children. After all of these groups make an effort to come together, and then the environment they create is a solution-oriented and safe one. (Bedworth, 1973) This helps all of the groups come to better understandings of the needs young people have when faced with uncomfortable situations. It also opens up communication pathways and allows the groups to trust one another. There are programs in every community that do this, such as Big Brothers and Big Sisters, United Way, and even some psychological hospitals offer one-on-one free counseling. Another way the community has tried to help young people is by putting up the â€Å"safe place† signs on their win dows. If a community comes together to help itself, then there eventually could be a drop in substance abusers. Throughout history, drugs have been used to medicate physical and emotional ailments. However, when the user becomes dependent, more serious problems develop. This is not just an individual problem, but also a social problem. (Brandeis University, 1993) It is an issue everyone faces because it is seen everywhere and affects every class, race, creed, sexual orientation and gender. Not only does it affect these groups, but creates larger problems in society, such as violence, illegal drug trafficking, and smuggling. All of these examples, society pays for, whether with tax dollars or with personal sacrifice. Perhaps through better drug education and a better understanding of the relationships individuals hold in society could it one day become utopian. â€Å"Clearly the concept of pure justice produces an infinite regress†¦We are all the descendants of thieves, and the world’s resources are inequitably distributed, but we must begin the journey to tomorrow from the point where we are today.† (Garrett Hardin) However, while there are many authors supporting the view that substance abuse is more sociological, there are others who may see it as nothing more than a criminal act. â€Å"The use of illegal drugs in America is viewed as a criminal behavior rather than a social problem† (Staton 148). The declaration of the war on drugs in the early eighties further emphasized the idea of users being criminals when in fact, users are no more criminals than the authority over them. A common definition of a criminal act is one that harms society, an action done deliberately for whatever motive that causes another person harm. Albeit, the statistical increase of drug related violent crime cannot be refuted, it can be directly correlated to the mishandling of drug users. We see a drug offender as a person who is a societal burden and even an outcast but the problem is much more complex than that. Our methods of handling a drug user have long been focused on incarceration followed by relea se with or without parole. Clearly an outcast and possibly a burden on society, but where did he choose this fate? To incarcerate a person who clearly needs rehabilitation creates a criminalized social deviant. The chance we have given the convicted drug offender to lead a successful life is non-existent. â€Å"Drug users must be looked at in a continuum, a progressive behavior that quickly escalates into a lifestyle that is not socially acceptable in our society. The road to disaster is paved with the first high, thats not in dispute. The teenager who smokes marijuana cigarette has done no more harm to society than a person J-walking across an empty highway† (Staton 149). Problems arise when the occasional joint turns into cocaine addiction and eventually, violence or crime. The good thing about our society is that that can be prevented quite simply. We have the most advanced law enforcement system in the world and also one of the best communication networks as well. It is very unlikely that our teenager who experimented with pot will see the sunrise before he is bombarded with media information and advertising. And, if he does not heed the advice of the wise, it is even more unlikely that in his predicted continued use of marijuana he will have a run in with the law bef ore he becomes that cocaine addict that mugged an elderly woman. This is where we fail. Lets assume that our teenage boy is a white, middle class freshman in college. He is picked up for possession of marijuana and given a court date. Our justice system will spend several hundred dollars prosecuting this delinquent child. He will acquire a criminal record and possibly be placed on a restricted lifestyle of some sort. Here we can see that he has not been treated, he has not been helped and in fact, our justice system has taken the first step in creating a social burden. With this standard method of adjudication, considering that a minimal after care program was completed (random drug testing), there is a sixty-two percent chance he will be in front of a judge in less than three years. Lets follow this particular teenager throughout his life. He may choose to use marijuana, drink alcohol and become the stereotypical college student. Depending on his personality, he may go on to try harder drugs, drugs that carry a much heavier penalty. Suppose his grades are slipping and he loses his girlfriend, he decides to use heroin and likes it. He is soon addicted, worsening his depression, and deals a little for some cash to buy more and an undercover officer arrests him. Again, our justice system comes so close to helping this guy out. The state spends a good deal of money on operations to seize drug dealers and they are surprisingly successful. Our boy will now go to jail. The federal government spends approximately six million dollars every year on federal inmates. The state spends about eleven million on its inmates, of whom forty percent are drug offenders. The boy is now kicked out of his college and will spend an average of nineteen months in a state prison. Here he will receive the benefits of a mere two million dollars allocated to rehabilitation and education resources available to him. He has a forty percent chance of not using marijuana while incarcerated and only a ten percent chance of being tested f or it. The main source of education becomes the inmates and a heavily used law library. The state prison has successfully educated a young, impressionable inmate how to fight, cheat, and swindle his way through our legal system and further, society itself. After nineteen months of jail the number of inmates charged with possession, has increased by almost eight percent over. In less than a decade the prison population of inmates charged with a drug offense has increased from seven hundred thousand to over one million. Despite the increases in the budget of over the last decade and a half from a little over one million dollars to 15 million per year, we have accomplished nothing. The man is released and goes out into our great land of opportunity. His parole officer advises him to stay clean and there is nothing more in the world that man wants to do than to stay off drugs. After being in a jail for a year and a half he is ready to start his life over. He suddenly realizes that he has no money, no job and no credit. We, as a society, have been influenced into thinking that a convicted drug offender with psychological problems is as bad as a violent offender. In a way, once released from a prison he is no better off. A man who may have beat his depression in jail on his own has now hit rock bottom. He now realizes that steady job is out of the question, friends are hard to come by and he has no place better to sleep than in a half-way house. His chances of receiving counseling in jail were only twelve percent and now its virtually impossible. He now has a seventy percent chance of staying clean for more than a year. For the twenty-five thousand dollars per year that we spent on his prison term, he was given nothing, spoke to no professionals in addiction and ironically becomes a new statistic. According to Kaminer, The poverty line in America is an income around sixteen thousand dollars a year. Our tax dollars pay twenty five thousand per year per inmate and he now has an income, if any, of about twelve. What has our prison system done for him? What has it done for society? With our increased spending and decreased rehabilitation efforts it seems as though we are moving backward. A drug user is not a criminal in the sense that our society deems him to be. We need to further explore our options for dealing with this social behavior to curb it before it escalates beyond our grasp. It is the politicians of this era that are hurting our society the worst, with their fears of not being re-elected outweighing their fears of a growing criminalized drug offender population. Bedworth, Albert E and D’Elia, Joseph A. 1973. Basics of Drug Education, Farminghale, NY: Baywood Publishing Company. Bureau of Justice Statistics Drug Arrests by Age. ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/glance/drug.htm Drug Abuse Violation Arrests Data Sources. ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/briefing/basedrug.htm Garrett Hardin. lrainc.com/swtaboo/stalkers/hardin.html Highlights. samhsa.gov/oas/NHSDA/1999/Highlights.htm Institute For Health Policy, Brandeis University. 1993. Substance Abuse: The Nation’s Number One Health Problem, Key Indicators For Policy, Princeton, NJ: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Kaminer, Y. (1994). Adolescent substance abuse: A comprehensive guide to theory and practice. New York: Plenum. Long, Robert Emmet. 1986. Drugs and American Society, New York, NY: The H.W. Wilson Company. McDonald, Maryon. 1994. Gender, Drink and Drugs, Oxford, UK: Short Run Press. Sayegh, Aaron. 2001. â€Å"Measurements of Crime†. Sayegh, Aaron. 2001. â€Å"Sociological Buzzwords, Social Problems†. Schaler, Jeffrey A. Ph.D. 2000. Addiction Is a Choice, Peru, IL: Carus Publishing Company. Staton, M., Leukefeld, C., Logan, T. K., Zimmerman, R., Lynam, D., Milich, R., Martin, C., McClanahan, K., Clayton, R. (1999). Risky sex behavior and substance use among young adults. Health and Social Work, 24(2), 147-154. Research Papers on Socialization of DrugsThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresResearch Process Part OneRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Effects of Television Violence on ChildrenAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement