Effects of Computers and Technology on Society Essay Example for Free

Effects of Computers and Technology on Society Essay The development of office computers in late 70s has made a major breakthrough in our present society. Although the earlier computers were used solely for the purpose of processing and transmitting military data, the realization on the use of computers bear out the office computers we have today. Office tasks have never been easier since the computers have been dedicated to complete such enormous and taxing jobs in data processing. Since then the work loads particularly in the office have become minimal and less stressful for the employees. Suddenly because of our innovativeness we began to explore more and come up with more sophisticated computers we use today. The earlier versions of computers were unpopular because they are bulky and with heavy features which makes them inappropriate for small offices. Thus most of them are installed on laboratories and engineering rooms. As computers continued to be innovated, their sizes have been greatly reduced but they are now faster and more reliable. They can now be used for word processing which is a very essential in processing documents. In the mid-80s the dimension of the computers continued to be lesser into portable desktops and can now be placed on top of office tables. Indeed they now evolved to be more compact, lighter, faster and more powerful. They can now run multiple programs and software at the same time. Then in the 90s the age of the Internet has arrived. From the introduction of powerful computers now comes the most usable means of transferring data and messages all over the world. Here is the now the world of the World Wide Web or the Internet. The Internet has developed into one of the most powerful medium for universal communication, mode of information provider, highway for electronic transactions and most convenient source for entertainment. The Internet link computers by phone lines and high speed digital lines which networked all computers that are spread out around the world. Technology which brought up the invention of the computer and the Internet has made everything possible. We have improved a lot by leaps and bounds. The Internet as today’s most ingenious form of technology has greatly influenced our lives. We can now find jobs just by browsing the Net, watch movies from different websites, search for anything and everything that is beyond our imagination, source out information on any subjects and conduct transactions with other people around the globe. It is now so easy to send messages just by typing our texts using our email address and with a click of a button can send the message to other emails. Transferring the message may just take few seconds. Another example to prove the efficiency of the Internet are the chat rooms that can transfer bulk of messages and pictures in seconds at the same time. These are only few but most usable contributions of the â€Å"technology† we use today. Since the Internet has become the highway for the largest and widest medium of communication and information exchange, business transactions and on-line commerce have developed into the most popular method in business operation. The largest online deals in the world such as the Stocks Exchange and the Foreign Exchange currency trading rely on the Internet to conduct business. In line with this technology, the computers, however, also became sophisticated and powerful to carry on the task of processing data and information hundred times better than what ordinary computers can do three decades ago. To frank and honest this is what people want to invent and invest on technology to make things lot easier for us. Even ordinary house chores are now performed with the aid of the machines. We have invented washing machine, the dishwasher, the floor polisher, the air-conditioning system and the television for our entertainment. How wonderful it is to live in a world full of magic brought about by the gadgets, machines and equipment we make. But after all of these amazing things have been invented did it benefit the society in general? It is true that the inventions of machines have made things lot easier, faster and more precise. But do you know that since technology has greatly improved, millions of jobs have already been lost because they have become obsolete? As we advance in our future and develop more technology there is also displacement of man with their profession. We use to power everything by hand then by the machines and now by the computers. Why would manufacturing companies hire production people if they can mechanize and computerize every process in their factories? Why would car makers hire people for car assemblies where they can buy machines that are programmed and automated? Machines does not take their break, do not complain about abuse and no need for any insurance? Obviously because of our â€Å"technology†, people are getting phased out of their circulation and depriving them to earn their living. The computers, the Internet, the game gadgets, cell phones and accessories have also loosen our touch with the reality thus our bond with our families are also affected. The realization of the technology which has widened man’s contact into the outside world has in a way confined him to smaller virtual world that rely on technology alone and not on physical attributes (Ghimire 2006). On the side of the economy, however, the negative impacts are obviously caused by the advancing technology. It is true that many people preferred engaging on technology-based education have benefited with the continuing trend in science. But what happened to those who did not earned degrees or does not have knowledge with the trend? How can they cope up with the world that is being run by this technology? Would they remain to be at the bottom of the ladder because the skilled people take all the best opportunities? Since the early 70s, computerization started to liberalize workforce, American workers with non-degrees begin to feel the squeeze. This is because the technology has started to manage the world in a more synchronized and automated manner. The most favored jobs have turned the table in favor of the educated and the skilled. To cope up with the development, courses in relation to technical skills, computer and software engineering and programming were offered. Today, the people who dominate the highest income brackets come from among those who specialize in this field. The jobs for the unskilled have become leaner and the demand for their services was greatly reduced making them poorer, ignorant and unfit for employment. According to L. Mishel, Director for Research on Welfare Reform Network, the hazard on the development of information age is that while the technology can replace workers with cheaper cost, this trend might become self-destructive with the economy because there will not be enough purchasing power to push the economy onward while we lead our lives into the future. To ease the effect of technology on people, Mishel suggested that there must be political action to make societal evolution beneficial to everybody (Smith 2007). But although the technology has affected those who are untrained, the computers and the Internet have produced a digital world of information and accessibility. Almost everybody can now reach out to the Internet. You only have to go online to order goods, books, clothes or even groceries and it will be delivered directly to you. The Internet also benefits the older people because they can now email people they want to get in touch with. If you happen to feel sick and want to check for yourself about the symptoms you have you can check from the Internet to avoid health hazards. Moreover, the computers and the Internet have created a world full of opportunities. Jobs are being created and obtained everyday because there are always new jobs entering the Internet sphere. This is especially beneficial for those who have skills with regards to Information Technology. Based from the 2005 – 2006 National Association of Colleges and Employers, the regular computer engineer can earn more than USD53, 000 a year for their first year of employment while the entry level management can make up to USD 38,000 as well. Even small businesses have greatly benefits from this technology. Business owners can now advertise their product through many websites and can organize employee schedules with programs like Microsoft Excel. There are also online educations today that many universities offer and the opportunities are getting larger. It is projected that by the year 2009, one in every ten students will be enrolled in an online degree program. However, there are always disadvantages from the advantages. Now the backlash from this advantage does involve risk with every person registered on the Internet. Identity theft has always been the number one crime in the United States. Although programs are constantly created to protect users from Internet hackers and scammers, there are also lots of experts who use their knowledge to commit fraud in their favor. Billions of dollars are being stolen because of identity theft, scams and online fraud. Unfortunately only few of them are getting caught and usually the discovery was too late before the harm has been done. Even the movies and TV series which are supposed to be legally shown only on cinemas and televisions are also being shown on the Internet without proper license and agreement with the producers. Recently the Writer Guild of America demanded payments from the owner of the domains. In effect, the rights of producers, TV stations, actors and actresses are violated and the chances to earn from these shows are lost. Sadly as the worlds of computers are here to stay there are always dangers in getting scammed in every step of the way (Weidenfeld 2008). And so as the technology changes in its fast paced environment we, as users also changes as well. Let’s just hope that we could always cope up with any changes that the age of information and technology can bring us. There would be transformation and modification, of course but with less time to prepare we may probably make the wrong choices and our technology even it was intended to develop can destroy us (Graves 1990). Summary Computers and the Internet are two of the most brilliant discoveries of man. Life has never been easier with their aid. Computers are the most used and essential equipment in the office or even at home. Everybody almost have it because of its functionality and usage. The Internet on the other hand has succeeded in building gaps between people, races and cultures and provides us the opportunities to explore all things that exist here and beyond our world. But while we are joyful of the benefits of these forms of technologies not everybody is at their advantage. From the very first introduction of computerization, the untrained and the unskilled began to feel the hardships of being uncompetitive. The technology has created jobs according to its own trend. If you are unskilled and wants to earn a decent living you have to sweat it out to and can be able to earn minimum wage while the new generation of computer experts enjoy their chances in their virtual world. This is the general belief of some observers. Analysis According to the points presented, there are always advantage and disadvantage at any prevailing discoveries of man. Man is a very adaptable creature and he makes discoveries according to his needs. The Internet and the computers have naturally eased up our burdens with our jobs, communication and commerce. But with this technology there is the theory that lots of people still blame technology as the culprit in decimating their chances to be competitive. Accordingly, people living on rural societies as well as the older people and the unskilled feel that they are always left out with the technology making them helpless and useless. But my personal opinion relies not how quantitative the advantaged of technology to most people but how the technology could benefit all people in any society. Technology does shape our future but our future depends on every fiber in our society which means that the people alone are shaping the future not the technology. Technology is merely the product of our modernization and innovation that is continuously taking us higher to new realities and development. But we lest not forget that technology can also be erased, altered or reprogrammed because the society is making the technology themselves. However, the complexities of the issues discussed here is that has the introduction of the computers and the Internet really affected our society in general? True enough the untrained and the uneducated can find it hard to participate with the virtual world. But does technology was created to rationalize people according to their capabilities? I think not. Whether we like it or not our technology with computers and the Internet will continue to advance and so there are no chances in going back to pick those that have been left out. There are always two sides of the coin here. It is up for the people to choose. If we are people with strong mind and interest to cope up then we can be able to discover how wonderful the technology can bring. Computers and the Internet are not complicated, adaptable, beneficial and educating people continuously. Whatever jobs and opportunities you wanted can be found in the Internet regardless of what you can do. Just look around and observe. Even children, the elderly and disabled people can benefit from the technology. Education, jobs, opportunities and communication is now empowered by our technology. The old days of manual labor is almost over. We invent things to make things easier and there is nothing wrong with doing the job the easy way. If there are people who are against of this technology it maybe because they are closing their mind with it. The Internet offers all kinds of prospects in learning, opportunities and information. It is only right that we have to take advantage everything that it offers because for sure we would definitely grow with it References: Ghimire, Shakti. 2006. Effects of Computers and the Internet on Society. in Student Operated Press. Vero Beach, Florida: SOP. org. Graves, James. 1990. Technology and Its Effect on Society. Smith, Hakeem. 2007. How Emerging Technology Affects Modern Society. Weidenfeld, Kelly. 2008. Effects of computers and the Internet on society Helium.

Araby by James Joyce Essay -- Araby Essays

â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There seems to be a great deal of controversy surrounding the short story, â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce. This isn’t controversy dealing with various political issues or controversy involving issues of free speech or anything related to these things. It is of a more simple matter: whether the young boy in this story is capable of having a deep emotional realization at the conclusion of the story. It is obvious to me via the final sentence, (Araby, 398), that he does not make a startling realization, rather, the narrator, as the boy many years later, looks back on how foolish he was.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During most of the story, the boy comes off as extremely immature. So much so that it would be difficult for such a person to appreciate true love and/or have an emotional breakthrough. The first example of his immaturity that struck me was when he would watch Managan’s sister. He would go so far as to peer between the blind and windowsill to catch a glimpse of his crush. When he caught sight of her, he would bolt outside to follow her. This seems to be very immature activity, which would be fitting for a boy his age. He is self-absorbed (Crane, 398). He doesn’t even seem to know his crushes name. To be in love with someone you hardly know, to me, is very irrational and juvenile.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For one to make even a remotely sound opinion on this subject, one must examine the point of view of the narrator. The story is narrated by a mature man reflection upon his adolescence...

Human a&P Ch. 22 Respiratory System

Name:Â   Date:Â   Link to: 22.1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 1. Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory system? A)Nose B)Oral cavity C)Pharynx D)Trachea E)Nasal meatuses Ans:D Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 2. The conducting zone does NOT act to A)clean air of debris. B)conduct air into the lungs. C)add water to air. D)warm air. E)It does all of the above. Ans:E Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 3. Which of the following is a passageway for air and food? A)Pharynx B)Larynx C)Paranasal sinuses D)Trachea E)Esophagus Ans:A Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 4. The opening to the pharynx from the mouth is called A)Palatine B)Hypopharynx C)Meatuses D)Fauces E)Vestibule Ans:D Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 5. This structure prevents food or water from entering the trachea. A)Arytenoid cartilage B)Epiglottis C)Nasopharynx D)Thyroid cartilage E)Paranasal sinus Ans:B Link to: 22. Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 6. During swallowing, which structure rises? A)Pharynx B)esophagus C)Trachea D)Palatine tonsils E)Primary bronchi Ans:A Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 7. These are triangular pieces of mostly hyaline cartilage located at the posterior and superior border of the cricoid cartilage. A)Corniculate cartilage B)Arytenoids cartilage C)Cricotracheal cartilage D)Cuneiform cartilage E)Laryngeal cartilage Ans:B Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 8. Pitch is controlled by A)vibration of the vocal chords. B)tension of the vocal chords. C)layers of cartilage in the vocal chords. D)arrangement of the vocal chords. E)None of the above Ans:B Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 9. This is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi. A)Trachea B)Larynx C)Nasopharynx D)Pharynx E)None of the above Ans:A Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 10. This is the primary gas exchange site. A)Trachea B)Bronchiole C)Nasal sinuses D)Alveolus E)Bronchus Ans:D Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 11. Which of the below tissues maintains open airways in the lower respiratory system? A)Stratified squamous epithelium with keratin B)Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells C)Hyaline cartilage D)Mucus membrane E)Bone Ans:C Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 12. Which of the below tissues provides the functions of the inner layer of the conducting organs? A)stratified squamous epithelium with keratin B)ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells C)cilated cuboidal epithelium with goblet cells D)transitional epithelium with cilia E)columnar connective tissue with goblet cells Ans:B Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 13. The point where the trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi is a ridge called: A)Carina B)Secondary bronchioles C)Parietal pleura D)Visceral pleura E)Diaphragm Ans:A Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 14. Which of the below tissues forms the exchange surfaces of the alveolus? A)Stratified squamous epithelium B)Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells C)Simple squamous epithelium D)Hyaline cartilage E)Columnar connective tissue with goblet cells Ans:C Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 15. These are cells of the alveoli that produce surfactant. A)Type I alveolar cells B)Type II alveolar cells C)Type III alveolar cells D)Surface cells E)Macrophages Ans:B Link to: 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation 16. This is direction of diffusion of gases at capillaries near systemic cells. A)Oxygen into blood, Carbon dioxide into blood B)Oxygen out of blood, Carbon dioxide into blood C)Oxygen into blood, Carbon dioxide out of blood D)Oxygen out of blood, Carbon dioxide out of blood E)None of the above is correct. Ans:B Link to: 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation 17. This is direction of diffusion of gases at the alveoli of the lungs. A)Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide into blood B)Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide into blood C)Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood D)Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood E)None of the above is correct. Ans:C Link to: 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation 18. Exhalation begins when A)Inspiratory muscles relax B)Diaphragm contracts C)Blood circulation is the lowest D)Inspiratory muscles relax and the diaphragm contracts E)All of the above Ans:A Link to: 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation 19. This means the lungs and the chest wall expand easily. A)High surface tension B)Low surface tension C)High compliance D)Low compliance E)None of the above Ans:C Link to: 22. 4 Lung volumes 20. The conducting airways with the air that does not undergo gas exchange are known as the A)inspiratory volume. B)expiratory reserve volume. C)minimal volume. D)residual volume. E)anatomic dead space. Ans:E Link to: 22. 4 Lung volumes 21. This is the sum of the residual and the expiratory reserve volume. A)Total lung capacity B)Functional residual capacity C)Inspiratory capacity D)Vital capacity E)Minimal volume Ans:B Link to: 22. 6 Respiration 22. Which of the following is not a factor that the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange depends on? A)Partial pressure difference of the gases B)Surface area for gas exchange C)Diffusion distance D)Molecular weight and solubility of the gases E)Force of contraction of diaphragm Ans:E Link to: 22. 7 Oxygen is primarily transported 23. Which is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport? A)Bound to hemoglobin B)Bound to oxygen C)Dissolved in plasma as a gas D)Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions E)Diffusion Ans:D Link to: 22. 10 Acid-base balance 24. When blood pH drops then the amount of oxyhemoglobin _______ and oxygen delivery to the tissue cells ________________. A)increases, increases B)Increases, decreases C)Decreases, increases D)Decreases, decreases E)Does not change, does not change Ans:C Link to: 22. 7 Oxygen is primarily transported 25. Which is a factor that does NOT affect hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen? A)pH of blood B)Partial pressure of the oxygen C)Amount of oxygen available D)Temperature E)Respiratory rate Ans:E Use the following to answer questions 26-36 Reference: Ref 22-1Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 26. Where are the nasal conchae? A)A B)C C)T D)U E)V Ans:B Reference: Ref 22-1Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 27. Where is the lingual tonsil? A)C B)E C)N D)P E)F Ans:E Reference: Ref 22-1Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 28. Which tonsils are found in the oropharynx? A)V B)R C)S D)Q E)U Ans:B Reference: Ref 22-1Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 29. What is also referred to as the Adam's Apple? A)G B)H C)I D)J E)K Ans:D Reference: Ref 22-1Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 30. Where is the larynx? A)I B)M C)L D)N E)O Ans:A Reference: Ref 22-1Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 31. This is a ring of hyaline cartilage that forms the inferior wall of the larynx. A)J B)K C)G D)H E)O Ans:B Reference: Ref 22-1Link to: 22. Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 32. Where is the uvula? A)E B)F C)Q D)S E)U Ans:D Reference: Ref 22-1Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 33. Where are the palatine tonsils? A)E B)F C)R D)U E)None of the above Ans:C Reference: Ref 22-1Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 34. Where is the soft palate? A)C B)E C)G D)Q E)S Ans:B Reference: Ref 22-1Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 35. Where is the epiglottis? A)O B)R C)S D)F E)Q Ans:A Reference: Ref 22-1Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 36. Where are the olfactory receptors found? A)A B)B C)C D)D E)U Ans:B Use the following to answer questions 37-40: Reference: Ref 22-2Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 37. What is line D pointing to? A)Thyrohyoid membrane B)Arytenoid cartilage C)Cricothyroid ligament D)Cricoid cartilage E)Tracheal cartilage Ans:B Reference: Ref 22-2Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 38. Where is the cricoid cartilage? A)D B)E C)F D)G E)H Ans:E Reference: Ref 22-2 Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 39. Where is the tracheal cartilage? A)J B)I C)H D)G E)F Ans:A Reference: Ref 22-2 Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 40. What is line A pointing to? A)Hyoid bone B)Trachea C)Adams Apple D) Thyroid E) Epiglottis Ans:E Use the following to answer questions 41-45: Reference: Ref 22-3Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 41. What line is pointing to the left terminal bronchiole? A)G B)N C)H D)A E)None of the above Ans:B Reference: Ref 22-3Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 42. What is line J pointing to? A)Right secondary bronchus B)Left secondary bronchus C)Right primary bronchus D)Left primary bronchus E)Carina Ans:D Reference: Ref 22-3Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 43. Where is the right bronchiole? A)F B)G C)H D)L E)M Ans:B Reference: Ref 22-3Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 44. What lines are pointing to tertiary bronchi? A)E and K B)D and J C)F and L D)H and M E)A and B Ans:C Reference: Ref 22-3Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 45. What is line B pointing to? A)Carina B)Visceral pleura C)Parietal pleura D)Pleural cavity E)Diaphragm Ans:C Use the following to answer questions 46-48: Reference: Ref 22-4Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 46. Identify the alveolar sac. A)A B)B C)C D)D E)E Ans:D Reference: Ref 22-4Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 47. What is line C pointing to? A)Terminal bronchiole B)Respiratory bronchiole C)Alveolar ducts D)Alveolar sac E)Alveoli Ans:C Reference: Ref 22-4Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 48. Where is the terminal bronchiole? A)A B)B C)C D)D E)E Ans:A Â  Use the following to answer questions 49-51: Reference: Ref 22-5Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 49. This provides disease resistance within the lungs. A)A B)B C)C D)D E)None of the above Ans:D Reference: Ref 22-5Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 50. Which cells are the main sites of gas exchange? A)A B)B C)C D)D E)All of the above Ans:C Reference: Ref 22-5Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 51. Which cell secretes surfactant? A)A B)B C)C D)D E)None of the above Ans:A Link to: 22. 8 The basic rhythm of respiration 52. The basic rhythm of respiration is controlled by the A)pons. B)medulla oblongata. C)hypothalamus. D)pneumotaxic area. E)apneustic area. Ans:B Link to: 22. 6 Respiration occurs between alveoli 53. The exchange of gases between blood in the systemic capillaries and tissue cells is called A)pulmonary ventilation. B)internal respiration. C)external respiration. D)expiration. E)inspiration. Ans:B Link to: 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation 54. For air to enter the lungs during inhalation A)the pressure inside the lungs must become lower than the atmospheric pressure. B)the pressure inside the lungs must be higher than the atmospheric pressure. C)the pressure inside the lungs must be equal to the atmospheric pressure. D)the size of the lungs must be decreased. E)the diaphragm has to be relaxed. Ans:A Link to: 22. 6 Respiration occurs between alveoli 55. Which of the following affect(s) the release of oxygen from hemoglobin? A)partial pressure of oxygen B)temperature C)acidity D)carbon dioxide in the tissue E)all of the above. Ans:E Link to: 22. 7 Oxygen is primarily transported 56. Carbon monoxide: A)binds weakly to amino acids within hemoglobin B)binds to the heme group of hemoglobin C)binds more strongly to the heme than oxygen does D)binds weakly to amino acids within hemoglobin and binds to the heme group of hemoglobin E)binds to the heme group of hemoglobin and binds more strongly to the heme than oxygen does Ans:E Link to: 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation 57. Name and briefly describe the three basic processes of respiration. Ans:1. Pulmonary ventilation is the movement of air in and out of the lungs due to contraction and relaxation of muscles that control the size of the thoracic cavity. 2. External respiration is the exchange of gases between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries. 3. Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood in the systemic capillaries and tissues. Link to: 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation 58. Describe the inward forces of elastic recoil, and explain why the lungs do not normally collapse during expiration. Ans:Elastic recoil is the recoil of elastic fibers stretched during inspiration and the pull of the surface tension of alveolar fluid. Intrapleural pressure is always subatmospheric during normal breathing, which tends to pull lungs outward and to keep alveolar pressure from equalizing with atmospheric pressure. Surfactant in alveolar fluid decreases surface tension to help prevent collapse. Link to: 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation Inhalation and exhalation, 22. 5: Oxygen and carbon and 22. 6: Respiration 59. In chronic emphysema, some alveoli merge together and some are replaced with fibrous connective tissue. In addition, the bronchioles are often inflamed, and expiratory volume is reduced. Using proper respiratory system terminology, explain at least four reasons why affected individuals will have problems with ventilation and external respiration. Ans:Answers could include: reduced compliance (reduces ability to increase thoracic volume); increased airway resistance (decreases tidal volume); decreased diffusion due to increased diffusion distance, decreased surface area, and changes in partial pressures of gases (altering gradients). Other answers may be acceptable. Human a&P Ch. 22 Respiratory System Name:Â   Date:Â   Link to: 22.1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 1. Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory system? A)Nose B)Oral cavity C)Pharynx D)Trachea E)Nasal meatuses Ans:D Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 2. The conducting zone does NOT act to A)clean air of debris. B)conduct air into the lungs. C)add water to air. D)warm air. E)It does all of the above. Ans:E Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 3. Which of the following is a passageway for air and food? A)Pharynx B)Larynx C)Paranasal sinuses D)Trachea E)Esophagus Ans:A Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 4. The opening to the pharynx from the mouth is called A)Palatine B)Hypopharynx C)Meatuses D)Fauces E)Vestibule Ans:D Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 5. This structure prevents food or water from entering the trachea. A)Arytenoid cartilage B)Epiglottis C)Nasopharynx D)Thyroid cartilage E)Paranasal sinus Ans:B Link to: 22. Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 6. During swallowing, which structure rises? A)Pharynx B)esophagus C)Trachea D)Palatine tonsils E)Primary bronchi Ans:A Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 7. These are triangular pieces of mostly hyaline cartilage located at the posterior and superior border of the cricoid cartilage. A)Corniculate cartilage B)Arytenoids cartilage C)Cricotracheal cartilage D)Cuneiform cartilage E)Laryngeal cartilage Ans:B Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 8. Pitch is controlled by A)vibration of the vocal chords. B)tension of the vocal chords. C)layers of cartilage in the vocal chords. D)arrangement of the vocal chords. E)None of the above Ans:B Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 9. This is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi. A)Trachea B)Larynx C)Nasopharynx D)Pharynx E)None of the above Ans:A Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 10. This is the primary gas exchange site. A)Trachea B)Bronchiole C)Nasal sinuses D)Alveolus E)Bronchus Ans:D Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 11. Which of the below tissues maintains open airways in the lower respiratory system? A)Stratified squamous epithelium with keratin B)Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells C)Hyaline cartilage D)Mucus membrane E)Bone Ans:C Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 12. Which of the below tissues provides the functions of the inner layer of the conducting organs? A)stratified squamous epithelium with keratin B)ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells C)cilated cuboidal epithelium with goblet cells D)transitional epithelium with cilia E)columnar connective tissue with goblet cells Ans:B Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 13. The point where the trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi is a ridge called: A)Carina B)Secondary bronchioles C)Parietal pleura D)Visceral pleura E)Diaphragm Ans:A Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 14. Which of the below tissues forms the exchange surfaces of the alveolus? A)Stratified squamous epithelium B)Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells C)Simple squamous epithelium D)Hyaline cartilage E)Columnar connective tissue with goblet cells Ans:C Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 15. These are cells of the alveoli that produce surfactant. A)Type I alveolar cells B)Type II alveolar cells C)Type III alveolar cells D)Surface cells E)Macrophages Ans:B Link to: 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation 16. This is direction of diffusion of gases at capillaries near systemic cells. A)Oxygen into blood, Carbon dioxide into blood B)Oxygen out of blood, Carbon dioxide into blood C)Oxygen into blood, Carbon dioxide out of blood D)Oxygen out of blood, Carbon dioxide out of blood E)None of the above is correct. Ans:B Link to: 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation 17. This is direction of diffusion of gases at the alveoli of the lungs. A)Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide into blood B)Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide into blood C)Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood D)Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood E)None of the above is correct. Ans:C Link to: 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation 18. Exhalation begins when A)Inspiratory muscles relax B)Diaphragm contracts C)Blood circulation is the lowest D)Inspiratory muscles relax and the diaphragm contracts E)All of the above Ans:A Link to: 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation 19. This means the lungs and the chest wall expand easily. A)High surface tension B)Low surface tension C)High compliance D)Low compliance E)None of the above Ans:C Link to: 22. 4 Lung volumes 20. The conducting airways with the air that does not undergo gas exchange are known as the A)inspiratory volume. B)expiratory reserve volume. C)minimal volume. D)residual volume. E)anatomic dead space. Ans:E Link to: 22. 4 Lung volumes 21. This is the sum of the residual and the expiratory reserve volume. A)Total lung capacity B)Functional residual capacity C)Inspiratory capacity D)Vital capacity E)Minimal volume Ans:B Link to: 22. 6 Respiration 22. Which of the following is not a factor that the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange depends on? A)Partial pressure difference of the gases B)Surface area for gas exchange C)Diffusion distance D)Molecular weight and solubility of the gases E)Force of contraction of diaphragm Ans:E Link to: 22. 7 Oxygen is primarily transported 23. Which is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport? A)Bound to hemoglobin B)Bound to oxygen C)Dissolved in plasma as a gas D)Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions E)Diffusion Ans:D Link to: 22. 10 Acid-base balance 24. When blood pH drops then the amount of oxyhemoglobin _______ and oxygen delivery to the tissue cells ________________. A)increases, increases B)Increases, decreases C)Decreases, increases D)Decreases, decreases E)Does not change, does not change Ans:C Link to: 22. 7 Oxygen is primarily transported 25. Which is a factor that does NOT affect hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen? A)pH of blood B)Partial pressure of the oxygen C)Amount of oxygen available D)Temperature E)Respiratory rate Ans:E Use the following to answer questions 26-36 Reference: Ref 22-1Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 26. Where are the nasal conchae? A)A B)C C)T D)U E)V Ans:B Reference: Ref 22-1Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 27. Where is the lingual tonsil? A)C B)E C)N D)P E)F Ans:E Reference: Ref 22-1Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 28. Which tonsils are found in the oropharynx? A)V B)R C)S D)Q E)U Ans:B Reference: Ref 22-1Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 29. What is also referred to as the Adam's Apple? A)G B)H C)I D)J E)K Ans:D Reference: Ref 22-1Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 30. Where is the larynx? A)I B)M C)L D)N E)O Ans:A Reference: Ref 22-1Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 31. This is a ring of hyaline cartilage that forms the inferior wall of the larynx. A)J B)K C)G D)H E)O Ans:B Reference: Ref 22-1Link to: 22. Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 32. Where is the uvula? A)E B)F C)Q D)S E)U Ans:D Reference: Ref 22-1Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 33. Where are the palatine tonsils? A)E B)F C)R D)U E)None of the above Ans:C Reference: Ref 22-1Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 34. Where is the soft palate? A)C B)E C)G D)Q E)S Ans:B Reference: Ref 22-1Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 35. Where is the epiglottis? A)O B)R C)S D)F E)Q Ans:A Reference: Ref 22-1Link to: 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system 36. Where are the olfactory receptors found? A)A B)B C)C D)D E)U Ans:B Use the following to answer questions 37-40: Reference: Ref 22-2Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 37. What is line D pointing to? A)Thyrohyoid membrane B)Arytenoid cartilage C)Cricothyroid ligament D)Cricoid cartilage E)Tracheal cartilage Ans:B Reference: Ref 22-2Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 38. Where is the cricoid cartilage? A)D B)E C)F D)G E)H Ans:E Reference: Ref 22-2 Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 39. Where is the tracheal cartilage? A)J B)I C)H D)G E)F Ans:A Reference: Ref 22-2 Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 40. What is line A pointing to? A)Hyoid bone B)Trachea C)Adams Apple D) Thyroid E) Epiglottis Ans:E Use the following to answer questions 41-45: Reference: Ref 22-3Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 41. What line is pointing to the left terminal bronchiole? A)G B)N C)H D)A E)None of the above Ans:B Reference: Ref 22-3Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 42. What is line J pointing to? A)Right secondary bronchus B)Left secondary bronchus C)Right primary bronchus D)Left primary bronchus E)Carina Ans:D Reference: Ref 22-3Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 43. Where is the right bronchiole? A)F B)G C)H D)L E)M Ans:B Reference: Ref 22-3Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 44. What lines are pointing to tertiary bronchi? A)E and K B)D and J C)F and L D)H and M E)A and B Ans:C Reference: Ref 22-3Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 45. What is line B pointing to? A)Carina B)Visceral pleura C)Parietal pleura D)Pleural cavity E)Diaphragm Ans:C Use the following to answer questions 46-48: Reference: Ref 22-4Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 46. Identify the alveolar sac. A)A B)B C)C D)D E)E Ans:D Reference: Ref 22-4Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 47. What is line C pointing to? A)Terminal bronchiole B)Respiratory bronchiole C)Alveolar ducts D)Alveolar sac E)Alveoli Ans:C Reference: Ref 22-4Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 48. Where is the terminal bronchiole? A)A B)B C)C D)D E)E Ans:A Â  Use the following to answer questions 49-51: Reference: Ref 22-5Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 49. This provides disease resistance within the lungs. A)A B)B C)C D)D E)None of the above Ans:D Reference: Ref 22-5Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 50. Which cells are the main sites of gas exchange? A)A B)B C)C D)D E)All of the above Ans:C Reference: Ref 22-5Link to: 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 51. Which cell secretes surfactant? A)A B)B C)C D)D E)None of the above Ans:A Link to: 22. 8 The basic rhythm of respiration 52. The basic rhythm of respiration is controlled by the A)pons. B)medulla oblongata. C)hypothalamus. D)pneumotaxic area. E)apneustic area. Ans:B Link to: 22. 6 Respiration occurs between alveoli 53. The exchange of gases between blood in the systemic capillaries and tissue cells is called A)pulmonary ventilation. B)internal respiration. C)external respiration. D)expiration. E)inspiration. Ans:B Link to: 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation 54. For air to enter the lungs during inhalation A)the pressure inside the lungs must become lower than the atmospheric pressure. B)the pressure inside the lungs must be higher than the atmospheric pressure. C)the pressure inside the lungs must be equal to the atmospheric pressure. D)the size of the lungs must be decreased. E)the diaphragm has to be relaxed. Ans:A Link to: 22. 6 Respiration occurs between alveoli 55. Which of the following affect(s) the release of oxygen from hemoglobin? A)partial pressure of oxygen B)temperature C)acidity D)carbon dioxide in the tissue E)all of the above. Ans:E Link to: 22. 7 Oxygen is primarily transported 56. Carbon monoxide: A)binds weakly to amino acids within hemoglobin B)binds to the heme group of hemoglobin C)binds more strongly to the heme than oxygen does D)binds weakly to amino acids within hemoglobin and binds to the heme group of hemoglobin E)binds to the heme group of hemoglobin and binds more strongly to the heme than oxygen does Ans:E Link to: 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation 57. Name and briefly describe the three basic processes of respiration. Ans:1. Pulmonary ventilation is the movement of air in and out of the lungs due to contraction and relaxation of muscles that control the size of the thoracic cavity. 2. External respiration is the exchange of gases between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries. 3. Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood in the systemic capillaries and tissues. Link to: 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation 58. Describe the inward forces of elastic recoil, and explain why the lungs do not normally collapse during expiration. Ans:Elastic recoil is the recoil of elastic fibers stretched during inspiration and the pull of the surface tension of alveolar fluid. Intrapleural pressure is always subatmospheric during normal breathing, which tends to pull lungs outward and to keep alveolar pressure from equalizing with atmospheric pressure. Surfactant in alveolar fluid decreases surface tension to help prevent collapse. Link to: 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation Inhalation and exhalation, 22. 5: Oxygen and carbon and 22. 6: Respiration 59. In chronic emphysema, some alveoli merge together and some are replaced with fibrous connective tissue. In addition, the bronchioles are often inflamed, and expiratory volume is reduced. Using proper respiratory system terminology, explain at least four reasons why affected individuals will have problems with ventilation and external respiration. Ans:Answers could include: reduced compliance (reduces ability to increase thoracic volume); increased airway resistance (decreases tidal volume); decreased diffusion due to increased diffusion distance, decreased surface area, and changes in partial pressures of gases (altering gradients). Other answers may be acceptable.

Teaching English As A Foreign Language - 1389 Words

My major- â€Å"Teaching English as a foreign language† has always been of paramount importance for me. Although I have been practicing English for ten years, I need to be in a real English-speaking world. This would account for my success as an English teacher. Since I have specific plans to implement during the academic year, I would like to explain them in detail. Firstly, I intend to broaden my horizons. In addition, my main aim is to conduct several researches in the most important features of the English Language and Teaching English as a Foreign Language. These topics are among my favorite ones: â€Å"The interesting features of euphemism in English†, â€Å"Idioms, phrasal verbs and their importance†, â€Å"Teaching techniques† and also â€Å"The role of†¦show more content†¦There are some reasons for it, such as globalization or the popularity of the Internet, which have made English as an important subject in my country as well. As far as the knowledge and expertise I will gain is concerned, hopefully, I am convinced that it will be beneficial in many ways for the development of my country. Looking at the facts, for instance, almost anybody needs to communicate effectively in English at the moment. For instance, our sportsmen have to know English if they want to attend world sports competitions. Doctors need it to work together with other overseas doctors. Travelling to a different country requires tourists to know English. Even historians need to learn English. Therefore, as Uzbekistan is developing rapidly the demand for highly skilled personnel in the field of teaching English as a foreign language will continue to be in demand. All things considered, I firmly believe that my one- year academic non-degree study will be so fruitful. Only then, I think, to be more realistic, I can organize better English speaking clubs and that makes it possible for everybody to learn English and travel and study abroad in the future. I hopefully intend to implement what I learned to develop friendship and mutual understanding among world nations. As far as my contributions are concerned, I firmly believe that they